强冲击下PZT-5H压电陶瓷的动力响应及电输出特性研究  

Research on Dynamic Response and Electrical Output Characteristics of PZT-5H Piezoelectric Ceramics under Strong Shock

作　　者：唐恩凌[1] 李月 王睿智[1] 韩雅菲[1] 王利 相升海[1] 李振波[1] 高国文 林晓初 刘美 许迎亮 TANG En-ling;LI Yue;WANG Rui-zhi;HAN Ya-fei;WANG Li;XIANG Sheng-hai;LI Zhen-bo;GAO Guo-wen;LIN Xiao-chu;LIU Mei;XU Ying-liang(School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, Liaoning, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学装备工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159

出　　处：《兵工学报》2018年第5期983-990,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11272218;11472178);辽宁省兵器科学与技术重点实验室开放基金项目(2014年)

摘　　要：为了揭示冲击压力对PZT-5H压电陶瓷电输出特性的影响,利用自行建立的聚偏氟乙烯冲击压力测试系统和压电陶瓷电输出性能测试系统,以一级轻气炮作为加载手段,开展了柱状铝合金弹丸分别以195 m/s、487 m/s、532 m/s和613 m/s的速度垂直撞击复合靶板(钢片-压电陶瓷-有机玻璃)的实验。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行弹靶碰撞的有限元分析,分析了不同速度下PZT-5H的冲击压力时程。根据实验系统建立了弹靶接触时应力波传播的简化模型,并通过模型计算出复合结构中PZT-5H压电陶瓷承受的冲击压力峰值。运用实验得到的冲击压力时程、压电陶瓷输出电压时程和储能电容充电电压时程,分析了不同峰值压力脉冲作用下PZT-5H压电陶瓷电输出特性的变化规律。研究结果表明:冲击压力峰值的计算结果与仿真结果、实验测量结果趋势吻合;冲击压力峰值在200~700 MPa范围内时,PZT-5H压电陶瓷输出电压峰值随着冲击应力峰值的增加而增大,且近似呈线性关系;在高速撞击PZT-5H压电陶瓷过程中动能与电能的能量转化效率较低,当储能电容量与PZT-5H压电陶瓷电容量比值为5.9∶1时,压电陶瓷的能量转化率为1.1%.The test systems for impact pressure of polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） and electrical output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics were built to study the influence of impact pressure on the electri- cal output characteristics of PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramics. The one-stage light gas gun is used as a load- ing means, and the experiments of which the cylindrical aluminum alloy projectiles vertically impact an composite target plate （steel sheet-piezoelectric ceramic-plexiglass） at the speeds of 195 m/s, 487 m/s, 532 m/s and 613 m/s are conducted. The projectile impact on target is analyzed by using ANSYS/LS- DYNA. The time histories of shock pressure of PZT-5H at the different speeds are analyzed. A simplified model of stress wave propagation is established based on the experimental system, and the pressure peak of PZT-SH in the composite structure is calculated by the proposed model. The change rules of PZT-SH piezoelectric ceramics under different peak pressure are analyzed from the time histories of shock pres- sure, output voltage of piezoelectric ceramics, and charging voltage of energy-storing capacitance. The research results show that the calculated impact pressure peaks are consistent with the simulated and ex- perimental results; the output voltage peak of PZT-SH piezoelectric ceramics rises with the increase in im- pact pressure peak in the range of pressure peak of 200 - 700 MPa; the conversion efficiencies of kinetic and electric energies are low when PZT-SH piezoelectric ceramics is impacted by high-speed projectile. As the ratio of energy storage capacity to piezoelectric ceramic capacitance is 5.9： 1, the energy conver- sion rate of piezoelectric ceramics is 1. 1% compared to the primary kinetic energy of projectile.

关 键 词：PZT-5H压电陶瓷 高速碰撞 冲击压力 电输出特性 

分 类 号：TJ430.35[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]