2016—2017年肇庆市饮用水中15个卫生指标的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of 15 health indicators in drinking water in Zhaoqing City from 2016-2017

作　　者：叶坚[1] 廖雅芬 古翠虹 温焕平 黎健萍 杨业洲[1] 孙勇[1] 傅小彩 何伟民 YE Jian;LIAO Ya-fen;GU Cui-hong;WEN Huan-ping;Ll Jian-ping;YANG Ye-zhou;SUN Yong;FU Xiao-cai;HE Wei-min(Environment and School Health Department of Zhaoqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhaoqing Guangdong, 526060, Chin)

机构地区：[1]肇庆市疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生科,广东肇庆526060

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第9期1251-1254,1257,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：2017年肇庆市科技创新指导类项目(201704031404)

摘　　要：目的评估肇庆市饮用水中15项污染物指标对人体健康的影响,从而为环境健康风险管理提供科学依据。方法运用USEPA(美国环保局)推荐的风险评估模型,采用2016—2017年肇庆饮用水监测中的调查与检测结果,对15项致癌物和非致癌物指标通过饮用水途径所引起的个人年风险,确定污染物的风险值,排列主次,提议治理的优先顺序。结果15种污染物所致的健康总风险为3.14×10^(-5)/a;致癌物所引起的年风险为3.14×10^(-5)/a,通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险为介于2.78×10^(-5)/a^5.17×10^(-7)/a之间;非致癌物年风险为1.13×10^(-8)/a,通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险为介于8.48×10^(-9)/a^6.99×10^(-12)/a之间。结论铬(六价)和砷是肇庆市饮用水主要致癌污染因子,通过饮用水途径产生的总体个人健康危害风险年均低于USEPA和ICRP(国际辐射防护委员会)最大可按受风险水平,高于瑞典环保署、荷兰建设和环境署以及英国皇家协会的最大可接受水平,以致癌物健康危害风险为主,不应忽视铝、铜等的危害,风险程度总体上处于Ⅱ级,低-中风险状态;儿童通过饮水途径的致癌风险和总风险均大于成人,处于Ⅲ级,中度风险程度。Objective]To evaluate the impact of 15 indicators（pollutants）on human health in drinking water in Zhaoqing City,provide a scientific basis for environmental health risk management.[Methods]Based on the risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA（EPA）,the survey and test results of drinking water monitoring in Zhaoqing City from 2016 to 2017 were used to assess per capital health risk caused by 15 carcinogens and non-carcinogens through drinking water routes,determine the risk value of contaminants,prioritize the primary and secondary priorities,and prioritize governance to the government.[Results]The total health risk caused by 15 pollutants was 3.14×10（-5）/a.The annual risk caused by carcinogens was 3.14×1010（-5）/a,and the health risks caused by drinking water route were between 2.78×10（-5）/a-5.17×10（-7）/a.The annual non-carcinogenic risk was 1.13×10（-8）/a,and the health risks caused by drinking water route were between 8.48×10（-9）/a-6.99×10（-12）/a.[Conclusion]Chromium（hexavalent）and arsenic are the main carcinogenic factors of drinking water in Zhaoqing City.The average risk of personal health hazard caused by drinking water route is lower than the maximum allowable level of risk for USEPA and ICRP,but higher than that of the Swedish EPA,the Netherlands Construction and Environment Agency and the Royal Society.The risk of carcinogenic health hazards is the main risk,while the hazards of aluminum and copper should not be ignored.The risk level is at the grade II,belonging to low and medium risk.The carcinogenic risk and overall risk of children through drinking water are greater than those of adults,and they are at grade III and moderate risk.

关 键 词：饮用水 卫生指标 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]