纳米颗粒物：独具特性的地球化学组成  

Nanoparticle:A Unique Geochemical Composition in Environment

作　　者：杨毅[1,2] 周立旻[1,2] 钭斐昀 孙笑丽 刘敏[1,2] Michael F.Hochella Jr. Yang Yi;Zhou Limin;Tou Feiyun;Sun Xiaoli;Liu Min;Michael F;Hochella Jr(Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry o f Education ,East China Normal University ,Shanghai 200241 ,China;School of Geographic Sciences ,East China Normal University ,Shanghai 200241,China;Department of Geosciences ,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ,Blacksburg 24061 ,USA)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [3]美国弗吉尼亚理工大学地球科学学院,Blacksburg24061

出　　处：《地球科学》2018年第5期1489-1502,共14页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41522111,41771506)

摘　　要：至少一维尺度上小于100nm的颗粒物均称为纳米颗粒物,在人工纳米颗粒物产生的几十亿年前,地球已经通过其特有的生物地球化学过程合成各类天然纳米颗粒物.这些纳米颗粒物及其次生产物具有独特的理化特性,并参与各种地球化学过程,体现其非凡的地球化学意义.从地球化学的角度,解析了环境纳米颗粒物的定义和分类,重点阐述了风化壳与水体中天然和次生纳米颗粒物的形成,并在天然纳米颗粒物中区分了纳米矿物和矿物纳米颗粒物;同时,也讨论了大气纳米颗粒物的来源、成因与环境影响.该综述列举了目前环境中纳米颗粒物表征与鉴别的技术和方法,重点剖析了纳米颗粒物的地球化学功能和环境意义,并对该领域的研究前沿问题进行了概述.With at least one dimension less than 100 nm,nanoparticles have been naturally synthesized through biogeochemistry processes in the earth system for billions of years.These nanoparticles have unique properties,and they can participate and thus play distinguished role in various geochemistry processes.From the geochemistry perspective,this paper elaborates the definition and classification of nanoparticles occurring in the environment,emphasizing naturally occurring nanoparticles and incidental nanoparticles in aquatic and weathering crust system,on basis of which nano-minerals are further distinguished from mineral nanoparticles.In addition,origin and formation of nanoparticles in atmosphere and related environmental impact are discussed.In this paper,it also presents current techniques and methods for the characterization and identification of environmental nanoparticles.Furthermore,the geochemistry functions of nanoparticles and their environmental implications are discussed and elucidated,and the frontier issues in this field are summarized.

关 键 词：天然产生纳米颗粒物 次生纳米颗粒物 纳米矿物 地球化学 

分 类 号：P95[天文地球—自然地理学]