10种茶花的土壤特性研究  

Soil characteristics in soil of ten Camellia species

作　　者：刘落鱼 佘汉基 周彤彤[1] 薛立[1] LIU Luoyu;SHE Hanji;ZHOU Tongtong;XUE Li(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《经济林研究》2018年第2期139-145,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目"广东省生态公益林培育技术推广"(2015-GDTK-07);广东省林业厅资助项目"林分改造优良乡土阔叶树种筛选"(粤财农2015-159号)

摘　　要：为分析茶花根际土壤化学性质、微生物数量以及酶活性,以广东省佛山林业科学研究所的山茶园中10种茶花为研究对象,在山茶园用5点取样法采集各茶花品种的0~40 cm土壤样品,用常规方法测定土壤pH值、有机质、全N、全P、全K、碱解N、速效P和速效K含量,用稀释平板法测定细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,分别用比色法、磷酸苯二钠比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法测定过脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及氧化氢酶酶活性,同时对土壤化学性质、微生物与酶活性之间进行相关性分析。结果表明,茶花样地的土壤养分状况存在差异,茶花的土壤pH值范围为4.02~4.27,有机质含量范围为15.64~24.21 g·kg^(-1),土壤全N、全P、全K含量范围分别为0.84~1.16、0.45~0.81、、5.50~6.54 g·kg^(-1),土壤碱解N、速效P、速效K含量范围分别为65.83~103.21、7.46~30.67、70.87~111.18 mg·kg^(-1)。土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌含量的范围分别为2×10~6~30×10~6、2.23×10~5~27.83×10~5、6.67×10~4~52.67×10~4 CFU·g^(-1),土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶的活性范围分别为1.29~2.02 m L·g^(-1)h^(-1)、245.94~413.80 mg·kg^(-1)h^(-1)、618.83~1 212.39 mg·kg^(-1)d^(-1)。土壤有机质含量与土壤细菌和放线菌数量之间,全N与过氧化氢酶之间,碱解N与放线菌及过氧化氢酶之间,全P和速效P与放线菌和过氧化氢酶之间,速效K与酸性磷酸酶之间均呈显著正相关。10种茶花的土壤肥力综合排序依次为:恒丰9号>海泡>烈香>杰作>茶梅>甜香水>张氏红山茶>皇家天鹅绒>赛桃红>黄绣球。In order to analyze the chemical property, microbial number and enzyme activity of the rhizosphere soil of Camellia, 10 species of Camellia from the Camellia garden were measured in Forestry Science Institute, Foshan City, Guangdong province. Soil samples in 0 - 40 cm depth were collected from 5 point sampling sites in cameliia garden, and then soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkalized N, available P and available K were determined by routine method, soil microorganism number was determined using dilution plate method and activities of soil urease, phosphatase and eatalase were determined by colorimetry, disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method and titration with potassium permanganate, respectively. Results showed that there were remarkable differences in soil nutrient content among soils under the camellia species. The value of pH ranged from 4.02 to 4.27, the contents of soil organic, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium ranged from 15.64 to 24.21, 0.84 to 1.16, 0.45 to 0.81 and 5.50 to 6.54 g.kg-1, respectively. The contents of alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium ranged from 65.83 to 103.21, 7.46 to 30.67 and 70.87 to 111.18 mg.kg-1, respectively. The numbers of soil bacteria, fungus and actinomyeetes ranged from 2 × 106 to 30 × 106, 2.23 × 105 to 27.83 × 105 and 6.67 ×104 to 52.67 ×104 CFU.gl, respectively, and the activitives of soil catalase, acid phosphatase and urease ranged from 1.29 to 2.02 mL.g-1.h-1, 245.94to 413.80 mg.kg-1h-1, 618.83 to 1 212.39 mg.kg-1d-1, respectively. The soil organic matter was significantly positive correlated with soil bacteria and actinomyces. The soil total nitrogen was significantly correlated with catalase enzyme, and available nitrogen was significantly correlated with actinomyces and catalase enzyme. Whatmore, the soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were significantly correlated with actinomyces and catalase enzyme, and available potassium was significantly correlated with acid phosphatas

关 键 词：茶花 土壤化学性质 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S685.14[农业科学—观赏园艺] S718.52[农业科学—园艺学]