水稻高产优质的分子基础与品种设计  

Towards molecular design of rice plant architecture and grain quality

作　　者：陈明江 刘贵富[1] 余泓[1] 王冰 李家洋[1,2] Mingjiang Chen;Guifu Liu;Hong Yu;Bing Wang;Jiayang Li(State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第14期1275-1289,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101800)资助

摘　　要：水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,在保障粮食安全的重大战略需求中具有举足轻重的地位.株型是决定水稻产量的核心要素,解析株型形成的分子机理具有重要的现实意义.稻米品质主要包含营养、蒸煮食味、储藏及外观品质,阐明其遗传调控网络为实现稻米品质的定向改良提供了重要支撑.随着水稻功能基因组研究的日渐深入,在水稻株型与稻米品质形成的分子基础研究方面取得的一系列重大研究进展助推了水稻株型与稻米品质分子设计育种的开展与示范.本文分别从分蘖数目、分蘖角度、株高、穗型以及稻米的外观、蒸煮食味、营养、储藏品质等方面简要概述了水稻株型与稻米品质的遗传调控网络,介绍了相关基因在分子设计育种中的应用情况.Rice is one of the world＇s most important crops, playing an important role in national food security. Considering the decrease of arable cultivated land, the development of social economy, and the environmental restrictions by climate change, it is important to cultivate high-yield and good quality elite varieties in rice. Plant architecture is one of the main factors that determine rice grain yield, which mainly includes tiller number, tiller angle, plant height, and panicle morphology. Over past decades, breeding practices have greatly increased rice grain yield with plant architecture improvement, and two significant achievements have been made due to dwarfism breeding through the application of ＂green revolution＂ gene sdl and utilization of hybrid vigor with the development of hybrid rice. Thus, it is of great significance to reveal the molecular basis of rice plant architecture. Besides the grain yield, rice grain quality is another important goal for rice breeding, which is mainly influenced by nutritional value, cooking and eating properties, storage ability, and grain appearance. With the development of rice functional genomic research and modern biological technology, significant progresses have been made in understanding rice shoot architecture and grain quality, which in turn promotes the molecular design of rice elite varieties. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of rice plant architecture, especially the key regulator IPA1 that encodes rice SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein Like-14 （OsSPL14） and determines the ideal plant architecture traits including decrease tiller number, increase plant height and panicle branches. We then discuss the molecular basis of grain quality, especially the cooking and eating quality of rice, one major index of grain quality, which is determined by amylose content, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature. These three traits are regulated by a complex genetic network, and the elucidation of major regulatory genes provides important strategy for

关 键 词：水稻 株型 稻米品质 遗传调控 分子设计育种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]