修饰组学：解析修饰生物分子功能  

Modificaomics: deciphering the functions of biomolecule modifications

作　　者：刘婷 马铖杰 袁必锋[1] 冯钰锜[1] Ting Liu;Cheng-Jie Ma;Bi-Feng Yuan;Yu-Qi Feng(Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine （Ministry of Education）, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chin)

机构地区：[1]生物医学分析化学教育部重点实验室,武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2018年第5期477-490,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(编号：2017YFC0906800); 国家自然科学基金(编号：21522507,21672166,21635006,21721005)资助项目

摘　　要：基因的时空表达通过转录、翻译和蛋白翻译后修饰这3个层面进行调控.目前在基因组DNA、RNA和蛋白质上发现了丰富的化学修饰.这些化学修饰被认为是调控基因时空表达的另一种新机制.截至目前,在核酸和蛋白质中已经分别发现了超过150和400种不同类型的修饰,阐明这些修饰的生理功能有助于促进对生命体调控机理和运行机制的认识和理解.包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在内的组学研究已经蓬勃发展了几十年.鉴于DNA、RNA和蛋白质上含有丰富多样和具有调控作用的化学修饰,本文从修饰和组学的角度提出了新的概念:修饰组学.修饰组学主要是指对DNA修饰、RNA修饰和蛋白质修饰的系统和综合研究.本综述通过介绍DNA、RNA和蛋白质上的化学修饰,总结了它们的生物学功能,探讨了修饰之间的相互作用从而阐释修饰组学,希望为DNA、RNA和蛋白质修饰提供一个系统的蓝图,并促进对其功能的研究.The spatiotemporal expression of genes is sophisticatedly controlled through three main layers：transcriptional, translational and post-translational. Now increasing chemical modifications are discovered on genomic DNA, RNA and proteins. These modifications are recognized as additional layer of regulatory mechanisms in controlling gene expression that defines cell status. So far, more than 150 chemical modifications are identified in nucleic acids, and more than 400 discrete types of modifications are identified in proteins. How these modifications are interpreted are fundamental questions to our understanding of living organisms. The omics sciences of systems biology,including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been in existence for decades. Due to the large numbers of modifications occurring in DNA, RNA and proteins with regulatory roles, we propose the modificaomics from the words of modification and omics. Modificaomics mainly refers to the comprehensive study of the modifications on DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we conceive modificaomics by introducing the discovered modifications in DNA, RNA and proteins as well as summarizing their biological functions. We hope the proposed modificaomics can provide a whole picture of modifications of these biopolymers and simulate the study of the functions of the modifications on DNA, RNA and proteins.

关 键 词：修饰组学 DNA修饰 RNA修饰 蛋白质修饰 生理功能 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]