一种新型瞬态量热计的研制  

Development of a novel transient calorimeter

作　　者：张仕忠[1,2] 李进平 张晓源[1] 陈宏[1,2] 俞鸿儒[1,2] ZHANG ShiZhong;LI JinPing;ZHANG XiaoYuan;CHEN Hong;YU HongRu(State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2018年第5期558-564,共7页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11472280)资助项目

摘　　要：薄膜电阻温度计和同轴热电偶是两种常用的瞬态热流传感器,前者灵敏度高,但不适用于气流冲刷严重的场合;后者耐冲刷,但灵敏度较低,且响应特性易受结点细微结构的影响,只适用于高热流环境测量.基于量热计原理,本文提出了一种兼具两者优点的新型瞬态热流传感器.该传感器以金刚石片作为量热片,利用溅射其背面的铂膜电阻测出温度变化,而后由量热计原理得出表面热流.传感器的设计和优化借助了理论分析和数值计算,并讨论了可能引起测量误差的因素及解决方法.激波风洞试验结果表明:新型瞬态量热计灵敏度高耐冲刷,测量结果准确可靠,具有发展潜力.Thermal protection has always been the key technology in hypersonic vehicles development. Accurate prediction of aerodynamic thermal environment is an important basis for thermal protection structure design and material selection. The existing transient heat flux sensors include thin film thermometer and coaxial thermocouple. Thin film gages are brittle in hot flow, which is its main disadvantage. Besides, large corrections are needed to account for the variation of substrate thermal properties with temperature. Hot flow will damage the coaxial thermocouple, hence re-machining is required between two shots. The polish process will affect the physical parameters of the junction, thus introducing measurement uncertainties. The accuracy and reliability of heat flux measurements are affected by the above uncertainties. In this paper, a novel transient calorimeter is proposed. The temperature on reverse side of the calorimeter is measured by a thin film thermometer. The principle of the calorimeter is analyzed by onedimensional infinite heat conduction calculation. With the influences of the sensor base and heat dissipation on back substrate being taken into account, numerical calculations are carried out with 2 D heat conduction model. Error factors are analyzed, and key parameters of the calorimeter are designed and optimized. Wind tunnel experiments with wedge model are carried out. Results verified its accuracy and reliability. This type of calorimeter has a strong anti-erosion ability and high signal sensitivity. In addition,the diamond sheet is a non-metallic material, which can prevent the gas charge from interfering measurements. Therefore, the novel transient calorimeter has a wide range of applications.

关 键 词：气动热测量 瞬态量热计 热流传感器 CVD金刚石片 激波风洞 

分 类 号：TH81[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TP212[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]