《民法总则》规定的“非法人组织”基本问题研讨  

On Some Fundamental Issues of Unincorporated Organizations in General Provisions of the Civil Law

作　　者：张新宝[1,2] 汪榆淼 Zhang Xinbao;Wang Yumiao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《比较法研究》2018年第3期65-82,共18页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：非法人组织作为民事主体需要满足以下要件:有特别法对于具体组织类型的规定;不具有法人资格,但是经登记或批准;具有一定的组织性;具有主体独立性。业主委员会可以取得非法人组织资格。非法人组织和"其他组织"是不同的概念。法人的分支机构不属于非法人组织。非法人组织可以具有独立的财产权,但是《民法总则》并不要求非法人组织必须拥有自己的财产。应当区分非法人组织对自己财产的财产权与出资人(设立人)对非法人组织所具有的权利。取得非法人组织资格可以产生财产区隔的效果。非法人组织债务承担规则中的无限责任仅指出资人(设立人)对于非法人组织的债务最终承担无限责任。非法人组织对于其出资人(设立人)自身的债务仅承担有限责任。To be an unincorporated organization should include all of the following： the provisions of special law about certain kind of organization; to be registered or approved without the status of a legal person; to be organized of some kind; the attribute of independence in a sense of subject. Owners ＇committees can be unincorporated organizations. The concept of unincorporated organizations is different from the concept of ＂other organizations＂. Unincorporated organizations don＇t include branch offices of a legal person. An unincorporated organization has the right to hold property independently,but it is not required to own property actually by General Provisions of the Civil Law. We should make a distinction between the property rights of unincorporated organizations and the rights of investors or promoters. To be an unincorporated organization provides a form of ＂asset partitioning＂. The unlimited liability mentioned in the roles of paying the debts of an unincorporated organization only means that investors or promoters of an unincorporated organization shall assume unlimited liability for such debts. An unincorporated organization shall only assume limited liability for its investors＇ or promoters＇ debts.

关 键 词：非法人组织类型 主体独立性 财产区隔 债务承担 分支机构 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]