国家权力配置的功能适当原则——以德国法为中心  

The Functional Propriety as the Principle of Distribution of the State Powers:Focussing on the German Constitutional Jurisprudence

作　　者：张翔[1] Zhang Xiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2018年第3期143-154,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：形式主义的分权学说,以"保卫自由"为正当性基础,强调国家权力之间边界清晰地分立,反对权力混合。但在实践中却遭遇到挑战。德国战后发展出的"功能适当原则",在关注个人自由保障的同时,同样重视国家权力行使的"正确性",主张应将国家职能配置给在组织、结构、程序、人员上具有优势,从而最有可能做出最优决定的机关;同时也不再教条化地强调权力的分立和对抗,国家职能的最优化实现同样构成权力配置方案的正当性基础。功能适当原则修正了传统的分权学说,对于我国优化国家机构设置和职能配置的改革,也具有参考价值。The formalist theory of ＂separation of powers＂justified by the defense of liberty emphasizes that the state powers should be separated clearly and cannot be mixed. But this theory has been facing the challenges in practice. The Functional Propriety Doctrine（ Funktionell-Rechtlicher Ansatz）developed since World War II in German,which gives equal attention to both liberty protection and the＂correctness of the exercise of the state power＂,requires that the various state functions should be assigned to those institutions which dispose of the best organizational,structural,procedural and personnel capacities in order to get the best decisions. In the meantime,the Functional Propriety Doctrine does not pay much attention to the separation and opposition of the state powers dogmatically and holds that the optimization of the state function can also justify the distribution of the state powers. The Functional Propriety Doctrine revises the traditional theory of ＂separation of powers＂,and can contribute to the reform of government institutions and allocation of state functions in China.

关 键 词：分权学说 权力混合 功能主义 国家任务 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD912.7