乌伦古湖水质变化及成因分析  

Changes in Water Quality and Analysis of Underlying Causes in Ulungur Lake

作　　者：吉芬芬 沈建忠[1] 马徐发[1] 熊雷 孙秀华 孙林丹 JI Fen-fen;SHEN Jian-zhong;MA Xu-fa;XIONG Lei;SUN Xiu-hua;SUN Lin-dan(College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,P. R. Chin)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2018年第3期61-66,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY112700);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662017PY118)

摘　　要：2016年7月至2017年5月对乌伦古湖12个采样点（4个湖区）的水质进行了监测,分析了不同湖区的水质特征,并对比历史资料探究水质变化及成因。结果显示,乌伦古湖2016-2017年度年均矿化度为1.64 g/L、p H为8.70、透明度为1.90 m、水深为8.78 m、溶解氧为7.55 mg/L,总氮1.06 mg/L,总磷0.03 mg/L。与2006-2008年相比,年均矿化度由2.31 g/L降低到1.64 g/L,各湖区矿化度含量均降低,其中靠近额尔齐斯河引水的小海子（由1.97 g/L降至0.82 g/L）和接受吉力湖来水的中海子（由2.41 g/L降至1.60 g/L）矿化度降低最为明显;年均总氮含量由0.86 mg/L增加到1.06 mg/L,年均总磷含量稳定在0.03 mg/L左右,各湖区总氮、总磷含量除小海子降低外（总氮由0.83 mg/L降至0.72 mg/L;总磷由0.03 mg/L降至0.01 mg/L）,其他各湖区含量保持稳定或升高,其中中海子升高最为明显（总氮由0.94 mg/L升至1.43 mg/L;总磷由0.03 mg/L升至0.05 mg/L）。研究表明,额尔齐斯河引水对于乌伦古湖水体矿化度、总氮及总磷均有稀释作用,吉力湖来水虽然对乌伦古湖水体矿化度也有稀释作用,但同时提高了总氮和总磷含量。Ulungur Lake, located in Xinjiang, China, is ecologically important and plays a critical role in controlling desertifieation and maintaining an oasis - like mesoclimate. An investigation of seasonal variation of water quality was carried out from July 2016 to May 2017 at 12 sampling sites representing four areas of Ulungur Lake. The parameters measured were compared with historical data and the underlying causes leading to changes of water quality were analyzed. The annual average total dissolved solids （TDS）, pH, transparency, water depth, dissolved oxygen （DO）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） were 1.64 g/L, 8.70, 1.90 m, 8.78 m, 7.55 mg/L, 1.06 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Compared to the averages from 2006 to 2008, lake-wide TDS decreased from 2.31 g/L to 1.64 g/L, in the Xiaohaizi area from 1.97 g/L to 0.82 and in the Zhonghaizi area from 2.41 g/L to 1.60 g/L. These large decreases were due to the diversion of water from the Irtysh River and Jili Lake. For the lake as a whole, average TN increased from 0.86 mg/L to 1.06 rag/L, while TP remained nearly constant at about 0.03 mg/L. TN and TP in most areas remained stable or increased, with the largest change occurring in the Zhonghaizi area （TN from 0.94 mg/L to 1.43 mg/L and TP from 0.03 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L）. In the Xiaohaizi area, nutrient levels decreased （TN from 0. 83 mg/L to 0. 72 mg/L and TP from 0. 03 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L）. Results indicated that water diverted from Irtysh River decreased TDS, TN and TP in Ulungur Lake, while water from Jili Lake decreased TDS but increased TN and TP.

关 键 词：乌伦古湖 水质 成因 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]