中国城市支气管哮喘儿童与非支气管哮喘儿童食物过敏患病情况比较  

Comparison of food allergy prevalence of food allergy in children with or without bronchial asthma in cite of China

作　　者：牟京辉[1] 邵明军[1] 刘传合[1] 沙莉[1] 朱文靓 李硕[1] 罗雁青[1] 李敬光 吴永宁 陈育智[1] Mou Jinghui;Shao Mingjun;Liu Chuanhe;Sha Li;Zhu Wenliang;Li Shuo;Luo Yanqing;Li Jingguang;Wu Yongning;Chen Yuzhi(Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Children＇s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition and Food Security, Beijing 100021, China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸内科,100020 [2]中国疾病预防与控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2018年第9期684-687,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

基　　金：卫生部科研公益性行业专项（200902009-21）;首都医学发展科研基金（2009-1048）

摘　　要：目的了解我国14岁以下支气管哮喘（哮喘）儿童食物过敏的患病率及临床特点。方法采用病例对照研究，对2009年9月至2010年8月在全国31个城市进行的城市儿童哮喘流行病学调查中确诊哮喘的儿童同时进行现场食物过敏问卷调查，获得食物过敏患病率及临床特征。选取同一地区年龄、性别相匹配的非哮喘儿童作为对照，调查其食物过敏情况。比较分析哮喘儿童与非哮喘儿童食物过敏患病的异同点。结果共9 235例哮喘儿童和11 391例非哮喘儿童纳入分析。哮喘儿童的食物过敏患病率为14.66%（1 354/9 235例），高于非哮喘儿童（3.99%，455/11 391例），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝725.25，P〈0.001）。哮喘儿童与非哮喘儿童最常见的过敏食物均为鱼、虾，比例分别为44.09%（597/1 354例）、42.20%（192/455例），二者比较差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.50，P〉0.05）。哮喘儿童和非哮喘儿童花生过敏的比例分别为4.58%（62/1 354例）、1.54%（7/455例），水果过敏的比例分别为14.03%（190/1 354例）、27.69%（126/455例），二者比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝8.58、44.01，均P〈0.05）。临床表现：哮喘儿童与非哮喘儿童食物过敏均以皮疹、瘙痒等皮肤黏膜症状最常见，分别占47.27%（640/1 354例）和61.32%（279/455例），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝26.90，P〈0.001）；鼻部症状的比例分别为17.13%（232/1 354例）、10.55%（48/455例），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝11.29，P＝0.001）；咳嗽、喘息的比例分别为25.33%（343/1 354例）、5.49%（25/455例），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝80.72，P〈0.001）。哮喘儿童严重过敏反应的比例为1.48% （20/1 354例），高于非哮喘儿童（0.22%，1/455例），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4.96，P〈0.05）。结论哮喘儿童的食物过敏患病率远高于非哮喘儿童，其过敏食物的种类、临床表现等与非哮喘儿童�ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of food allergy in bronchial asthmatic children less than 14 years old in China.MethodsA case-controlled study was designed.The questionnaires were given to children, who were diagnosed to be asthmatic during the national epidemiological survey of asthma in children in 31 cities from September 2009 to August 2010.Non-asthmatic children, matched with the cases in age and gender, were selected during the same survey as control subjects if they were matched with the cases in age and sex.Information regarding the food allergen and symptom of food-induced anaphylaxis was analyzed.The difference in food allergy was compared between children with or without bronchial asthma.ResultsAs a result, 9 235 asthmatic children and 11 391 control subjects were enrolled in the case-control study.There were 14.66%（1 354/9 235 cases） of the asthmatic children who had food allergy, compared to 3.99%（455/11 391 cases） of the non-asthmatics children, and the findings showed a significant difference （χ2=725.25, P〈0.001）. The most common food allergens were fish and shrimp in both groups, and the difference was not significant [44.09% （597/1 354 cases） vs.42.20% （192/455 cases）, χ2=0.50, P〉0.05]. The rate of peanut allergy was 4.58% （62/1 354 cases） and 1.54% （7/455 cases）（χ2=8.58, P〈0.05）, respectively.And the rates of fruit allergy in the asthmatic group and the non-asthmatic group were 14.03%（190/1 354 cases）and 27.69%（126/455 cases） （χ2=44.01, P〈0.05）, respectively.Cutaneous and nasal symptoms were common clinical manifestations.The rates of rash, pruritus, and swelling sympions were 47.27%（640/1 354 cases）and 61.32%（279/455 cases）（χ2=26.90, P〈0.001）, respectively for asthmatic group and non-asthmatic group.Rates of nasal symptoms were 17.13%（232/1 354 cases）and 10.55%（48/455 cases）（χ2=11.29, P=0.001）, respectively in the asthmatic group and the non-asthmatic groups.Respiratory symptoms,

关 键 词：儿童 支气管哮喘 食物过敏 患病率 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]