氮肥减施对京科968与郑单958氮效率及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Nitrogen Efficiency and Yield of Jingke968 and Zhendan958

作　　者：陈传永[1] 赵久然[1] 王元东[1] 王荣焕[1] 徐田军[1] 吕天放 张春原[1] 毛振武[1] 杨海涛[1] 成广雷[1] CHEN Chuan-yong;ZHAO Jiu-ran;WANG Yuan-dong;WANG Rong-huan;XU Tian-jun;LU Tian-fang;ZHANG Chun-yuan;MAO Zhen-wu;YANG Hai-tao;CHENG Guang-lei(Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture ＆ Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室

出　　处：《玉米科学》2018年第3期121-127,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106-3)

摘　　要：以郑单958与京科968为材料,在减施氮肥（正常施氮量210 kg/hm^2）14.3%~28.6%水平下,比较玉米品种氮效率与产量。结果表明,施氮肥150~180 kg/hm2,郑单958产量下降2.39%~4.03%,京科968产量下降1.67%~2.99%。随着施氮量减少,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用效率,氮肥农学利用效率升高,氮肥表观利用效率、100 kg子粒需氮量降低,氮收获指数保持基本稳定。适度减施氮肥,可有效提高玉米生产效率。施氮处理下不同器官的氮转运率与对子粒的氮贡献率高于不施氮处理,不同器官的氮转运率顺序为穗轴〉叶片〉苞叶〉叶鞘〉茎秆;对子粒的氮贡献率表现为叶片〉茎秆〉穗轴〉叶鞘〉苞叶。京科968氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥表观利用效率均优于郑单958,氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥利用效率与子粒吸氮量与郑单958相当。京科968氮吸收效率优于郑单958,具备较好的耐低氮特性。Zhengdan958 and Jingke968 were used as the materials to study nitrogen efficiency and yield ofmaize under the condition of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from 14.3% to 28.6%. The result showed thatin the range of 150-180 kg/ha after applying nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of Zhengdan958 decreased by 2.39% to4.03%, and the yield of Jingke968 decreased by 1.67%-2.99%. And the partial factor productivity from applied N（PFPN）, N utilization efficiency（NUE） and agronomic efficiency of applied N（AEN） increased, recovery efficiency ofapplied N（REN） and N requirement for 100 kg grain（NRG） decreased, nitrogen harvest index（NHI） stabled with thedecreasing of nitrogen amount. Reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer properly can effectively improve the effi-ciency of maize production. The nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen contribution rate of different organs ofmaize under nitrogen fertilizer were higher than no nitrogen application. The order of nitrogen translocation rate ofdifferent organs was cobleafbractleaf sheathstem. And the nitrogen contribution rate of different organs wasleafstemcobleaf sheathbract. Both Jingke968 and Zhengdan958 had good nitrogen use efficiency. The NHI, PF-PN and REN of Jinke968 were superior to Zhengdan958. The NUE, AEN and NRG of Jingke968 were about thesame. Nitrogen absorption efficiency of Jingke968 was superior to Zhengdan958. Jingke968 had good tolerance tolow nitrogen.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥减施 氮效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]