英国皇家学会早期历史及其传统形成  

The Early History and the Tradition of the Royal Society

作　　者：冉奥博 王蒲生[2] RAN Ao - bo;WANG Pu - sheng(School of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084;Graduate School at Shenzhen,Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学深圳研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2018年第6期75-79,共5页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：皇家学会是英国科学界的一朵奇葩,具有悠久而独特的传统。文章梳理1645—1670年间无形学院及皇家学会的早期历史,探讨学会的传统形成。学会并非天生采取弱建制化路线,这种路线是在动荡的社会中逐渐形成。学会长期以来在寻求研究与政治之间的平衡妥协。学会目的并非只追求自然知识,而且也希望知识服务于社会;并由此形成了经验论和数学化交融的研究纲领。学会早期除了探索自然外,还包括为产业和贸易服务等功能。文章认为英国皇家学会的独特传统并非是天生如此,而是在社会历史背景下不断被形塑的。The Royal Society is the miracle of British scientific community,which has the consistent and distinctive tradition. Basing on analysis of the pre-history and the early years of the Royal Society,this paper discusses the formation of its tradition. The Society did not adopt the mode of weak institutionalization intentionally. Actually,it was shaped in the context of turbulent society at that time. The Society always balanced and compromised between research and politics. The Society not only pursued nature philosophy,but also wanted to attribute to society,which embraced empiricism and mathematics. Besides exploration of nature,the function of society included promoting industry and commerce,science communication and publishing,which changed with time.In conclusion,this paper holds that the tradition of the Royal Society was not innate and planned but shaped by the society under the certain environment.

关 键 词：英国皇家学会 早期历史 传统 17世纪 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论] N2