长春市城郊蔬菜—土壤系统重金属分布特征及生态风险评价  

Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-vegetable system of Changchun suburb

作　　者：杨阳 王洋[1] 崔政武[1] 于锐[1] 徐光辉 赵光影[3] 于泳 YANG Yang;WANG Yang;CUI Zhengwu;YU Rui;XU Guanghui;ZHAO Guangying;YU Yong(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, GAS, Changchun 130102, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beifing 100049, China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]哈尔滨师范大学黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2018年第2期103-110,共8页Soils and Crops

基　　金：研究所135规划项目(IGA-135-08);国家青年科学基金项目(41701372);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20180101318JC)

摘　　要：以长春市城郊蔬菜地为研究对象,研究了蔬菜—土壤系统中Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg和As 5种重金属的含量特征、潜在生态风险及蔬菜的累积富集能力。结果表明,蔬菜地表层土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg和As含量均低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准,适宜种植蔬菜及农作物;但其含量明显高于长春市土壤环境背景值,具有较明显的累积现象,高含量区主要分布在长春市城郊东北与西南部。蔬菜农田土壤呈现中度污染水平,达到中等潜在生态风险等级,北部局部地区达到较强生态风险等级,应控制其污染来源。除白菜中Pb含量超标外,其余蔬菜中的重金属均未超过国家食品安全限量值。6种蔬菜对重金属的平均富集系数表现为:Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Cr。根茎类对As的富集能力强,而叶菜类对其他重金属富集明显。该区应加强土壤Hg、Cd的防治,以保障城郊区域蔬菜种植安全。With an aim to understand the concentration characteristics,potential ecological risk characteristics and accumulation ability in vegetables,we investigated five heavy metals including Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg and As in a soil-vegetable system in Changchun suburb. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in surface vegetable soil were lower than those of China Soil Environmental Quality Standard level Ⅱ,which was suitable for planting vegetables and crops; while the concentrations were significantly higher than those of Changchun soil environmental background values,which was with an obvious accumulation phenomenon. The higher concentrations of heavy metals were mainly distributed in northeastern and southwestern regions of Changchun suburb. Generally,the vegetable soil was at a medium pollution level,with a medium potential ecological risk; while the heavy metals were with a stronger ecological risk in part of northern regions,and pollution sources were required to be controlled. The amounts of heavy metals in vegetables were not over the National Food Safety Limited Value except for several Pb samples from Chinese cabbage. The average Bio-concentration factor（ BCF） of 6 kinds of vegetables for heavy metals was in an order of Hg 〉 As 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Cr. The root-tuber vegetables were with more concentration coefficient of As,while leaf vegetables were with more concentration coefficient of other heavy metals. The control of soil Hg and Cd should be strengthened for the guarantee of vegetable planting in Changchun suburb.

关 键 词：蔬菜 土壤 重金属 分布特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]