东北大豆种质群体生态性状在铁岭地区的表现及育种潜势研究  

Ecological traits performances and their breeding potential for Northeast China's soybean germplasm population grown in Tieling area,Liaoning province

作　　者：王树宇[1] 宗春美 刘德恒[1] 傅连舜[1] 朱海荣 孙国伟[1] 王燕平[3] 任海祥[3] 傅蒙蒙[2] 赵团结 杜维广[3] 盖钧镒[2] WANG Shuyu;ZONG Chunmei;LIU Deheng;FU Lianshun;ZHU Hairong;SUN Guowei;WANG Yanping;REN Haixiang;FU Mengmeng;ZHAO Tuanjie;DU Weiguang;GAI Junyi(Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tieling 112616, China;Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory for Soybean Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Center for Soybean Improvement/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, China;Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongiiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Mudanjiang Experiment Station of the National Genter for Soybean Improvement, Mudanjiang 157041, China)

机构地区：[1]铁岭市农业科学院,辽宁铁岭112616 [2]南京农业大学大豆研究所/农业部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院/国家大豆改良中心牡丹江试验站,黑龙江牡丹江157041

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2018年第2期148-159,共12页Soils and Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省科技计划省院科技合作项目(HZ201210;YS15B13);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31371651);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB1093);国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-CES10);黑龙江省博士后特别资助(博士后青年英才计划)(LBH-TZ1618)

摘　　要：为深入发掘和有效利用东北大豆优异种质资源,本研究于2012-2014年对铁岭市种植的东北地区各育种单位现存的大豆地方品种和育成品种(系)361份,利用重复内分组设计试验方法,采用频次分布和描述统计及方差分析对4类13个表型性状进行了统计分析以期揭示其育种潜势。结果表明:(1)东北大豆种质群体在铁岭市平均表现值为:全生育期104 d(83.6~136 d)、蛋白质含量40.9%(37.7%~45.9%)、脂肪含量22.4%(18.9%~23.8%)、蛋脂总量63.3%(60.4%~66.5%)、百粒重18.8 g(11.0~34.7 g)、株高72.0 cm(42.4~121 cm)、主茎17.1节(11.5~23.1)、分枝1.59个(0.27~5.09)和倒伏1.8级(0.88~4)。(2)当地适合熟期组为MGⅡ和MGⅢ,该熟期组品种的各性状的平均值与群体平均值相近,其他熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。而品质性状表现则略优于当地品种水平。(3)群体各生态遗传性状均有一定的改良潜力空间,部分优异亲本品种,可供育种工作者在改良各生态、品质性状时参考利用。(4)追溯第4亚区品种祖先来源及贡献率表明:该地区育成/搜集品种平均含有祖先亲本7.8个,其中前20个祖先亲本对当地育成品种的贡献率为70.6%,而前10个祖先亲本对群体的贡献率为61.1%。To further discover elite germplasm resources and effective utilization of Northeast China’ s soybean germplasm resources,361 available soybean landrace varieties and breeding varieties（ or lines） from breeding agencies in Northeast China were planted to observe the phenotype variations in Tieling city in 2012-2014 growing seasons. The variances of 13 phenotypic traits belonging to 4 classes of this population were analyzed to investigate the breeding potential through a blocking in replicated designs experiment using frequency distribution statistics method. The following results were obtained：（ 1） In Tieling area,the average value of the whole growth period of the population was 104 d（ range from 83. 6 d to 136 d）,protein content was 40. 9%（ 37. 7% to 45. 9%）,oil content was 22. 4%（ 18. 9% to 23. 8%）,protein ＋ oil content was 63. 3%（ 60. 4% to 66. 5%）,the 100-seed weight was 18. 8 g（ 11. 0 g to 34. 7 g）,plant height was 72. 0 cm（ 42. 4 to 121 cm）,node number in main stem was 17. 1（ 11. 5 to 23. 1）,the number of branch was 1. 59（ 0. 27 to 5. 09）,lodging level was 1. 8（ 0. 88 to 4）.（ 2） The local maturity group was MGⅡand MGⅢ,plants belonging these two groups showed similar average values of main traits as above. However,the plants from other maturity groups and displayed varied average values. The quality traits of this population were slightly better than local varieties.（ 3） Each ecological trait genetic progress had a certain improvement potential,and some excellent germplasm resources selected could be used for plant breeders in the improvement of the ecological and quality traits.（ 4） The tracing of the origin and contribution rate of the soybean ancestors in region 4 showed that the average number of ancestral parents cultivated/collected in this region was 7. 8,of which the top20 ancestral parents contributed 70. 6% to the local cultivars,while the top 10 ancestral parents to 61. 1%.

关 键 词：东北大豆 种质资源 熟期组 生态品质性状 遗传变异 育种潜势 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]