地理与历史双重视角下的历史GIS数据模型  

Historical GIS Data Model under Geographic and Historical Perspectives

作　　者：胡迪 闾国年[1,2,3] 江南[1,2,3] 曹伟灿 刘龙雨[4] 李杨 HU Di;LV Guonian;JIANG Nan;CAO Weican;LIU Longyu;LI Yang(School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;Jiangsu Center of Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China;School of Social Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023 [4]南京师范大学社会发展学院,南京210097

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2018年第6期713-720,共8页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771421;41601412);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFBO502300;2016YFF0201304);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(164320H116)~~

摘　　要：近年来,越来越多的历史、历史地理学者开始关注和使用GIS技术,在历史GIS数据库和信息系统研究和建设方面进行了大量的探索。但是,这些研究多是技术主导应用,对历史、历史地理信息的组织多是面向特定专题或应用,且通用性差,亟需遵循历史、历史地理学科的知识体系,发展历史GIS基础软件层面的通用数据模型。本文从地理与历史双重视角出发,以时间、地点、人物、事件(始末)历史4个要素为基础,融合地理学强调"人地关系"的思想,将历史信息抽象为历史人物、历史事件、历史地物和历史场景,以及关系和经历/过程等要素,提出并设计了一种基础的、通用的历史GIS数据模型,探讨了该数据模型的时空对象组成、时空对象的属性以及时空对象之间的关系,设计了时空对象的存储方案,并在应用系统中以典型历史人物、事件、地物和场景等要素的存储和可视化等为例,验证了模型的有效性。In recent years, more and more historians and historical geographers have begun to focus on applying GIS technology, and conducted extensive explorations in the research and construction of historical GIS databases and information systems. However, most of these researches are technology-dominated applications. The organization of historical information and historical geographic information mostly focuses on specific topics or applications, lacking data model for the historical GIS basic software. From the dual perspectives of geography and history, this paper is based on the four elements of history： time, place, person, and event （from beginning to the end）, integrating geography to emphasize the idea of the ＂man-earth relationship＂ and abstracting historical information into historical figures, events, features and scenes, as well as the relationships and experiences/processes. This paper proposed and designed a general historical GIS data model, discussed the composition, attribute, storage scheme of space-temporal objects, the relationship between spatial-temporal objects in the data model. In the application system, the validity of the model was verified by taking the storage and visualization of typical historical figures, events, features and scenes as examples.

关 键 词：历史地理信息 历史GIS 时空数据模型 时态GIS 面向对象 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]