煤矸山复垦林地和草地土壤微生物多样性和群落组成的差异及其影响因素  

Differences of soil microbial diversity and community composition between reclaimed woodland and grassland in coal waste pile and their influencing factors

作　　者：张蓉 于亚军 ZHANG Rong;YU Ya-jun(College of Geography Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China ）.)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第6期1662-1668,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301304);山西师范大学研究生科技创新项目(2017SCX049)资助

摘　　要：以山西省长治市潞安矿区煤矸山复垦多年的林地和草地为对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸法(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)研究2种复垦样地0~10和10~20 cm土层土壤微生物多样性和群落组成状况以及土壤环境因子对微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明:(1)草地0~10和10~20 cm土层土壤微生物丰富度指数(S)、Shannon指数(H)均大于林地(P<0.05),但2种样地Pielou均匀度指数(E)无显著差异。(2)林地在0~10和10~20 cm土层土壤微生物总PLFAs含量、真菌PLFAs含量、放线菌PLFAs含量、革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs含量以及革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌、真菌/细菌均高于草地(P<0.05);但细菌PLFAs含量和革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs含量在2土层中表现不同,林地0~10 cm土层高于草地(P<0.05),10~20 cm土层则低于草地。(3)主成分分析表明,土壤微生物群落结构组成受复垦类型的显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤理化性质对微生物PLFAs含量产生影响,其中土壤有效磷(AP)、pH值和阳离子交换量(CEC)是影响微生物群落组成的主要因子,并且AP和CEC与土壤微生物PLFAs含量呈正相关,pH值与之呈负相关。We explored the diversity and composition of soil microbial community in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers in the reclaimed woodland（ R-S） and reclaimed grassland（ R-G） in Lu’an coal waste pile,Changzhi,Shanxi Province,using the method of phospholipid fatty acid（ PLFA）.The effects of environmental factors on the soil microbial community composition were analyzed.The results showed that：（ 1） PLFA richness index（ S） and Shannon diversity index（ H） of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in R-G were all higher than that in R-S（ P 〈 0.05）,but there was no significant difference in Pielou evenness index（ E） in both soil layers between the two plots.（ 2） In both soil layers,the contents of total microbial PLFAs,fungi PLFAs（ F）,actinomycetes PLFAs（ A）,Gram-positive bacteria PLFAs（ G＋）,Gram-positive bacteria/Gramnegative bacteria and fungi/bacteria were all higher in R-S than that in R-G（ P〈0.05）. However,the contents of bacteria PLFAs（ B） and Gram-negative bacteria（ G-） in those plots were different for the two soil layers,being higher in 0-10 cm in R-S than that in R-G（ P 〈 0.05）,but lower in 10-20 cm soil layer in R-S than that in R-G.（ 3） The principal component analysis indicated that the soil microbial community structure and composition were significantly affected by the types of reclamation. The redundancy analysis showed that the soil physicochemical properties affected the contents of soil microbial PLFAs. Among them,soil available phosphorus（ AP）,soil pH and cation exchange capacity（ CEC） were the main factors affecting microbial community composition. The contents of soil microbial PLFAs were positively correlated with AP and CEC,while negatively correlated with soil p H.

关 键 词：土壤微生物群落 植被恢复 复垦煤矸山 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学] S812.2