物资供需失衡与蒙古帝国都城哈刺和林的衰落  

Imbalance between Supply and Demand and the Decline of Kharakhorum

作　　者：张博 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710119

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2017年第4期24-30,共7页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

摘　　要：哈剌和林作为蒙古帝国建立的第一座都城,在13世纪前中期的蒙古史乃至世界史上均具有重要意义。关于这座蒙古故都的衰落,较多学者将其归结于明初战乱以及蒙古内斗的破坏。但其实和林在元中期就已经陷入衰落,其原因固然有各种战乱破坏。但除此之外,从和林地区物资供需方面考虑,当和林地区物资供给能力(包括自身生产、外来输送以及掠夺等手段)与当地社会的物资需求基本平衡时,和林城发展充满活力。忽必烈迁都后,和林出现以有限的物资供给去供养大规模人口的困境,这种失衡状态加速了和林的衰落。As the first capital of Mongol Empire, Kharakhorum played important roles in the mid thirteenth century Mongolia history and the world history. As about the causes for the decline of Kharakhorum, many scholars attributed it to the war in early Ming Dynasty and the destruction of Mongolian civil wars. But in fact, Kharakhorum had fallen into decline in the middle of Yuan Dynasty. Its decline must partially due to wars and unrest, but beyond that, as we shed light on the balance of the capacity of material supply, including local production, transportation and plunder,and local material demands, we found that when the supply and demand reached to satisfying level,it was full of vitality in Kharakhorum. After Khubilai moved capital, Kharakhorum faced a dilemma using a limited supply to support a large population, which accelerated its decline.

关 键 词：哈剌和林 少数民族城市 蒙古帝国 蒙元史 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]