石家庄城市地表灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源  

Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Surface Dust of Shijiazhuang City

作　　者：张凯 卢新卫 罗润 ZHANG Kai;LU Xinwei;LUO Run(School Geography of and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi＇an 710119, China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi＇ an 710119, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]陕西师范大学地理学国家级实验教学示范中心,西安710119

出　　处：《地球与环境》2018年第3期313-320,共8页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271510)

摘　　要：采用高效液相色谱法,对2017年2月12～19日所采集的石家庄市64个地表灰尘样品中16种优先控制的多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量和组分特征进行分析,并运用比值法和主成分因子载荷法揭示其污染来源。结果表明,16种PAHs的总量（Σ16PAHs）范围为0.897～81.458 mg/kg,平均值为8.138 mg/kg,其中Fla的含量最高为1.136 mg/kg,Flu最低为0.129 mg/kg,强致癌物质Bap为0.567 mg/kg。7种致癌多环芳烃（Σ7CPAHs）的含量范围为0.213～43.690 mg/kg,平均值为3.402 mg/kg,占Σ16PAHs的41.80%。与国内外其他城市相比,石家庄城市地表灰尘中PAHs含量处于较高水平,且以4环为主。来源分析结果表明,石家庄市地表灰尘中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧,以石油燃烧为主,其方差贡献率为69.30%,柴油燃烧和石油泄漏的方差贡献率分别为8.67%和7.43%。由石家庄灰尘中PAHs的空间分布分析得出交通源对石家庄二环内冬季灰尘中PAHs贡献显著。The prior control 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） in 64 surface dust samples from the Shijiazhuang city were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total concentration of 16 PAHs（ Σ_（16）PAHs） ranged from 0. 897 to 81. 458 mg/kg with a mean value of 8. 138 mg/kg. Fla was the highest content with a mean of 1. 136 mg/kg and Flu was the lowest one with an mean of 0. 129 mg/kg,the content of strong carcinogen compound（ Bap） was 0. 567 mg/kg. The content of 7 carcinogenic PAHs（ Σ_7CPAHs） ranged from 0. 213 to 43. 690 mg/kg with a mean of 3. 402 mg/kg,which accounted for 41. 80% of Σ_16PAHs. Compared to other cities,the Σ_16PAHs in dusts of Shijiazhuang presented a higher level and was dominated by 4 ring compounds. Relative concentrations of PAHs with different rings and principal component analysis were used to identify the possible sources of PAHs. The results showed that dust PAHs were originated mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels,especially petroleum. The contributions of petroleum fuels combustion,diesel combustion and oil spill were 69. 30%,8. 67%,and 7. 43%,respectively. The spatial distribution of PAHs in dusts of Shijiazhuang showed that human activities affected the concentration of PAHs significantly.

关 键 词：石家庄 地表灰尘 多环芳烃 来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]