基于车辆排放水平的差异化公路通行费率的分析  

Analysis on Differentiated Highway Toll Rate Based on Vehicle Emission Level

作　　者：李昊 虞明远[3] 余艳春[3] 浦亮[3] 陈跃[3] LI Hao;YU Ming-yuan;YU Yan-chun;PU Liang;CHEN Yue(Henan Provincial Department of Transport, Zhengzhou Henan 450000, China;Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China;Research Institute of Highway, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]河南省交通运输厅,河南郑州450000 [2]中国社会科学院,北京100732 [3]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2018年第6期137-144,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：河南省交通运输科技计划项目(2017B5)

摘　　要：实施基于车辆排放水平的差异化通行费率是优化收费公路费率形成机制、提高高速路网整体效能的重要手段,有助于引导车辆清洁化、推进绿色出行。研究首先介绍我国收费公路通行费制定的内部和外部影响因素和成本定价法、公路使用者效益定价法、负担水平法等收费公路常用定价方法,并对现行政策和方法进行评价,现行收费公路通行费率制定方法较好地支撑了我国收费公路的有效运行,但对于环境保护因素的影响考虑不足。然后分析了基于车辆排放水平的差异化通行费率制定的理论基础和法律依据,主要包括负外部效应理论、管制经济学理论,环境保护法和大气污染防治法,借鉴了瑞士、奥地利、德国和捷克等国家的经验做法。研究提出基于车辆排放水平调整收费公路通行费率的思路和推进策略,将车辆排放水平作为收费公路通行费率制定的影响因素之一,基于多排放多缴费、少排放少缴费的原则,在原高速公路通行费的基础上,加收或减征空气污染费。通行费率标准制定依据车辆排放满足的标准将车辆按照排放水平分为6类,对各类车辆执行不同的空气污染费率和基础设施费率。费率标准采用浮动费率,随着时间的推移,费率标准发生变化。并提出将基于车辆排放水平的差异化通行费率制定纳入《收费公路管理条例》修订,以及分阶段实施的政策建议。Implementation of differentiated toll rate based on vehicle emission level is an important measure to optimize the toll rate mechanism of toll road, to improve expressway network overall effectiveness, it helps guide the cleaning of vehicles and promoting energy saving environment friendly green travel. First, we introduced the inside and outside factors determining pricing policy and the common pricing methods of toll road including cost pricing, users＇ benefit pricing and burden level pricing, followed by comments on the current policy and the methods. The current toll road pricing method has supported the effective operation of toll roads in China, but it is lack of considering environmental protection factors. Then, the theoretical basis and legal basis of the differentiated toll rate based on vehicle emission level are analyzed, including the negative external effect theory, the control economics theory, the environmental protection law and the air pollution prevention control law, and the experiences in Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and Czech are drawn. The strategy of adjusting toll rate based on vehicle emission level is put forward, in which the vehicle emission level is regarded as a key influencing factor for determining the toll rate of toll road. Following the principles of more emissions more payment and less emission less payment, it is proposed to add or to subtract on air pollutants emission charge based on the current toll. The criteria for the toll rate are grouped into 6 classes according to the vehicle emission level, allowing different vehicles apply different rates for air pollution payment and infrastructure payment. The rate standard adopts the floating rate which changes with time. It is suggested that the differentiated expressway toll rate based on vehicle emission rating should be formulated into the revised regulations on toll roads, combined with relevant policy measures and staged implementation strategy. The rate standard adopts the floating rate, which changes with time, the r

关 键 词：运输经济 政策建议 差异化 车辆排放 收费路 

分 类 号：F542[经济管理—产业经济]