增施腐殖酸及减量施肥对盐碱地水稻穗部性状与产量的影响  

Effects of Increasing Humic Acid but Reducing Fertilization on Panicle Traits and Yield of Rice in Saline-Alkali Soil

作　　者：赫臣 郑桂萍[1] 赵海成[1] 陈立强[1] 李红宇[1] 吕艳东[1] 宋江[2] He Chen;Zheng Guiping;Zhao Haicheng;Chen Liqiang;Li Hongyu;Lǖ Yandong;Song Jiang(Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China;Engineering College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第3期129-134,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300104;2017YFD0100506;2017YFD0300502-6);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05-08;2013BAD07B01);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关重点项目(HNK135-02-02);黑龙江农垦总局项目(HNK125BZD-07-21;HNK125B-07-08;HNK125B-08-21A;HNK125B-05-06);黑龙江省自然科学基金(C2017046;QN2017023);黑龙江省教育厅面上项目(12531451);黑龙江八一农垦大学博士科研启动基金(XDB-2016-02)

摘　　要：基于盐碱地土质差、水稻产量低的问题,开展增施腐殖酸及减量施肥对水稻穗部性状与产量影响的研究。采用二因素完全随机设计,盆栽试验,共计12个处理,每个处理16盆,3次重复,设置腐殖酸3个水平,施肥量4个水平。结果随着腐殖酸施用量的增加,垦粳7号穗部性状中穗重、穗长、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗穗粒数、二次枝梗结实率明显增加,一次和二次枝梗千粒重明显降低,理论产量明显增加,A2、A3较A1分别增加2.45、4.97g/穴;减量施肥对穗部性状影响不明显。腐殖酸通过增加垦粳7号穗粒数和每穴穗数,从而增加水稻的理论产量;随着腐殖酸施用量的增加,千粒重随之下降;减量施肥通过增加垦粳7号每穴穗数和穗粒数,B3理论产量较B2和B4分别高出0.90、1.29g/穴,从而保证理论产量。因此,增施腐殖酸及减量施肥通过增加垦粳7号每穴穗数与穗粒数提高和保证理论产量。以腐殖酸A3(31.68g/盆)配合B3(常规用肥量减量20%)组合即可保证理论产量,又可降低肥料使用量。Due to poor soil quality and low yield of rice in saline-alkali soil, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of increasing humic acid but reducing fertilization on characters and yield of rice panicle using two factors completely random design pot experiment, a total of 12 treatments with 3 replications and 16 pots for each treatment. There were 3 levels for humus and four levels for fertilization. Results showed that with the increase of humic acid, the panicle weight, spike length, primary branch number per panide, the number of primary branchlet spikelets and the secondary branchlet seed setting rate of Kenjing 7 were significantly increased. The 1000-grain weight on primary and secondary branch stems significantly decreased, and the theoretical yield of A2 and A3 increased significantly, compared with A1 by 2.45 g/hole, 4.97 g/hole; Fertilization reduction had insignificant effect on ear traits. The humic acid increased the theoretical yield of rice by increasing the number of grains per spike and the number of spike per point for Kenjing 7. With the increase of humic acid, the 1000-grain weight decreased. The B3 theoretical yield was 0.90 g/hole and 1.29 g/hole higher than that of B2 and B4, respectively, due to increasing the number of spike by decreasing fertilization. In conclusion, increasing humic acid and reduced fertilization increased panicles and spikelets to improve and ensure the theoretical yield for Kenjing 7. Humic acid A3（31.68 g/pot） combined with B3（conventional fertilization reduced by 20%） was recommended to ensure high yield, but low cost fertilization.

关 键 词：腐殖酸 减量施肥 水稻 穗部性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]