鄱阳湖典型湿地土壤微生物活性对季节性水位变化的响应  

Responses of soil microbial functional traits to seasonal water level changes in a typical wetland of the Poyang Lake

作　　者：邹锋[1] 武鑫鹏 张万港 马燕天[1,2] 刘亚军[1] 吴兰[1,2] ZOU Feng;WU Xinpeng;ZHANG Wangang;MA Yantian;LIU Yajun;WU Lan(School of Life Sciences Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization of Poyang Lake, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031 [2]鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南昌330031

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第11期3838-3847,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360127;31260110;31660149)

摘　　要：为探究湿地土壤微生物对季节性水位变化的响应关系,以鄱阳湖湿地土壤为研究对象,在2014年3、6、10及2015年1月4个季节采集了3个不同高程样带的土壤样品,对土壤微生物基础呼吸、生物量及胞外酶等活性进行了测定。研究结果表明:(1)季节性水位变化不仅显著改变了土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、有效磷等含量,也使得微生物量碳和4种水解酶β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶活性表现出夏冬季较高、秋季最低的动态变化,而2种氧化酶酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶的表现正好相反。(2)水位高程和地上植被类型同样对土壤微生物产生了显著影响,表现为南荻样带有较高营养元素含量和微生物活性。(3)一些土壤理化指标(含水量、铵态氮、有机碳、有效磷等)与微生物活性(微生物量、基础呼吸、酶活)显著相关;季节水位变化对微生物活性的影响大于高程差异。研究结果表明水位波动对湿地土壤微生物活性产生了重要影响,鄱阳湖水文节律的改变将影响到湿地土壤的正常生态功能。To explore the response of soil microbes to seasonal water fluctuation, soil samples were collected from three sampling belts with different elevations in the Poyang Lake wetland over four seasons （Mar, Jun, and Oct 2014, Jan 2015）. Soil physicochemical properties, microbial basal respiration, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities were measured. The results showed that （1） the contents of soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and available phosphorus varied with seasonal water level fluctuations, and the seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and four hydrolases, including β-glucosidase （Bglu）, β-xylanase （Bxyl）, N-acetylglucosaminidase （NAG）, and phosphatase （Phos） were affected. MBC, Bglu, Bxyl, NAG, and Phos peaked in summer and winter, but decreased in autumn, whereas the two oxidases, phenoxidase （Phox） and peroxidase （Pero）, showed the opposite trend; （2） apparent impacts of water level elevation and aboveground vegetation were observed, and higher nutrients and microbial activities were found in S2 plots covered with Triarrhena lutarioriparia L. Liou; （3） some soil properties （soil moisture, ammonia-nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, etc.） were significantly correlated to microbial activities （microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzymes）; and the impact of seasonal water level changes on microbial activities was greater than that of elevation differences. This study revealed that water regime shifts had an important impact on soil microbial activities, which would further affect the ecosystem function wetland.

关 键 词：湿地 土壤微生物 功能特征 水位变化 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]