灌浆期水分胁迫对甜玉米籽粒糖分积累和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响  

Effects of Water Stress during Grain Filling on Sugar Accumulation and Enzyme Activity Associated with Sucrose Metabolism in Sweet Corn

作　　者：赵福成[1] 谭禾平[1] 包斐[1] 韩海亮[1] 楼肖成[1] 陆卫平[2] 王桂跃[1] Zhao Fucheng;Tan Heping;Bao Fei;Han Hailiang;Lou Xiaocheng;Lu Weiping;Wang Guiyue(National Corn Industry Technical System Dongyang Comprehonsive Test Station, Dongyang Institute of Maize Research, Dongyang, 322100;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009)

机构地区：[1]浙江省东阳玉米研究所国家玉米产业技术体系东阳综合试验站,东阳322100 [2]扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2018年第11期3710-3717,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家现代农业产业体系(CARS-02-69);浙江省农业(粮食)新品种选育重大专项(2016C02050-9-1);浙江省重点研发计划(2017C02025)共同资助

摘　　要：为确定水分胁迫对甜玉米产量和品质的影响,以甜玉米品种华珍(Huazhen)和粤甜16(Yuetian 16)为材料,利用负水头供水控水盆栽装置研究土壤水分胁迫(相对含水量为60%,75%,90%,分别代表水分亏缺,正常和过量)对超甜玉米灌浆的生理生态变化。分析结果表明,与水分正常时相比,水分亏缺(干旱)时华珍和粤甜16的鲜百粒重最大值分别下降11.63%和20.46%,可溶性总糖分别下降9.91%和12.56%;水分过量(涝)时华珍和粤甜16鲜百粒重最大值分别下降9.63%和21.95%,可溶性总糖分别下降9.37%和13.64%。干旱加快甜玉米灌浆,缩短生育期,在开始灌浆时粒重和糖分积累量增加,磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)合成和分解方向活性升高,灌浆进程中后期籽粒粒重、糖分含量、SPS和SS活性均降低。水分过量时籽粒鲜百粒重下降,皮渣率升高,SPS、SS(合成和分解方向)活性降低,糖分累积量减少。水分逆境影响甜玉米灌浆进程,导致产量降低、品质变劣,在生产中应加强水分管理。To determine the effects of water stress on fresh kernel weight, quality and enzyme activity associated metabolism of sweet corn, a field experiment was conducted in artificial phytotron with two corn cultivars,Huazhen and Yuetian 16. A negative pressure water supplying and controlling pot device was used to control different soil moisture contents（SMC） by setting the water supply tension of the device at different values. The effects of water stress（relative SMC was 90%, 75%, and 60%, indicated the water supply was excessive, moderate,and deficient respectively） during grain filling on kernel yield, sugar content and sucrose enzyme activity were studied using two sweet corn cultivars as test materials. The results indicated that the maximum 100-fresh-kernel weights were reduced significantly by 9.63%（Huazhen） and 21.95%（Yuetian 16）, and soluble sugar contents were decreased significantly by 9.37%（Huazhen） and 13.64%（Yuetian 16） when SMC was excessive applied.The maximum 100-fresh-kernel weights were dropped significantly by 11.63%（Huazhen） and 20.46%（Yuetian 16）, and soluble sugar contents were reduced by 9.91%（Huazhen） and 12.56%（Yuetian 16） under water deficient treatment. Compared with control, the growth process of sweet corn was accelerated and the growing period was shortened. The kernel weight, sugar content and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase（SPS） and sucrose synthetase（SS） were improved during early grain filling stage under SMC deficient, but those parameters were decreased during medium and late grain filling stage. The kernel weight, sucrose content and activities of SPS and SS in sweet corn significantly decreased, whereas pericarp and dregs content increased correspondingly under SMC excessive applied treatments. In conclusion, water soil moisture leaded to a depression in grain yield and a reduction in kernel quality.

关 键 词：甜玉米 水分胁迫 糖分积累 蔗糖代谢 酶活性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]