自激振动深松对土壤物理特性的影响  

Effects of the Excited-vibration Subsoiler on Soil Properties

作　　者：屈通 李霞[1] 汤明军[1] 王维新[1] 张思远[1] Qu Tong;Li Xia;Tang Mingjun;Wang Weixin;Zhang Siyuan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2018年第12期179-183,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(5136505);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2016AG016)

摘　　要：连年的浅层翻、旋耕作业及大型农业机械的应用,使得新疆土壤形成了一层又硬又厚的犁底层,进而影响土壤质量和作物产量。为了打破犁底层、改善新疆地区土壤质量、提高自然降水的利用率,以非振动深松作为参照试验组,针对3种不同参数弹簧的自激振动深松方式进行深松试验。结果表明:相较于非振动深松,弹簧Ⅲ耕作后>15~30cm耕层坚实度下降17.44%,0~15cm耕层坚实度下降20.17%,弹簧Ⅱ耕后0~15cm耕层坚实度下降23.24%,>15~30cm耕层坚实度下降10.09%;在0~15cm耕层,弹簧Ⅲ相较于非振动,土壤密度下降6.02%,在>15~30cm耕层为16.29%;弹簧Ⅲ相较于非振动情况,在0~15cm耕层和>15~30cm耕层,土壤容重下降依次为4.11%和13.73%;弹簧Ⅱ相较于非振动情况,在0~15cm耕层和>15~30cm耕层,土壤容重下降依次为2.05%和7.84%;弹簧Ⅰ与非振动对各耕层土壤容重相差不大,>30~45cm的深层土壤自激振动和非振动情况对于土壤密度减小效果相差不大,深层深松时,由于牵引阻力增加使弹簧被完全压缩,深松效果下降。试验结果为推广自激振动深松作业方式及新疆耕作资源的合理配置提供了参考。Hard and thick hardpans resulting from continuous ploughing and rotary tillage and the using of large agricultural machinery had bad effects on soil properties and crop yield. In order to break up hardpans,improve soil properties and raise water utilization rate,an experiment of the self-excited subsoiler with three different parameters＇ springs was conducted,which has a non-vibration treatment as the control group. The results showed that,compared with the non-vibration treatment,the soil penetration resistance of spring Ⅲ treatment decreased by 17. 44% and 20. 17% at 〉15-30 cm and 0-15 cm soil layer respectively,while the soil penetration resistance of spring Ⅱ treatment decreased by23. 24% and10. 09% at 0-15 cm and 〉15-30 cm soil layer,respectively. As the same time,the soil density of springⅢ treatment decreased by 6. 02% at 0-15 cm soil layer and 16. 29% at 〉15-30 cm soil layer. The soil bulk density of spring Ⅲ treatment decreased by 4. 11% and 13. 73%,while it of spring Ⅱ treatment decreased by 2. 05% and 7.84% at 0-15 cm and 〉15-30 cm soil layer. The effect of soil bulk densities at all soil layers were closing between the spring Ⅲ and non-vibration treatment,while the effect of soil density at 〉30-45 cm soil layer were closing between the self-excited vibration treatments and non-vibration treatment,of which the reason may be the increasing of traction resistance completely compressed the spring at deep soil layer,thus decreased the subsoiling influence. In conclusion,this experiment has important value in extending the self-excited vibration subsoiling management practices and provides an experimental reference of reasonable distribution of tillage resources in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：自激振动深松 土壤耕作 物理特性 

分 类 号：S222.19[农业科学—农业机械化工程]