神圣的献祭:古希腊丧葬仪式中的体育竞技  

Divine Sacrifice:Athletics in Ancient Greece Funeral Rites

作　　者：刘占锋[1] 刘欣然[2] LIU Zhanfeng;LIU Xinran(PE Department, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China;Sports College of Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学体育部,湖北武汉430081 [2]江西师范大学体育学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2018年第3期139-144,共6页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(编号:13CTY001);武汉科技大学教学研究重点项目(编号:2015Z026)

摘　　要：采用文献资料法,通过对《荷马史诗》的文本分析,寻找丧葬仪式中的体育线索,探讨古希腊丧葬文化背后的体育价值与意义。丧葬仪式中的竞技赛会,是英雄、荣誉、神性与体育的一次联姻,是生命轮回中的重要程式,因此,荷马才会不惜笔墨着力描写,从中反映出体育竞技在古希腊民族中的神圣地位。从《荷马史诗》中的文献记录入手,进行体育竞赛活动的内容分析,寻找丧葬竞技的存在根据,认为体育竞技是希腊民族性的独特标志和行为符号。在文学著作、社会生活、城邦事务、教育制度和宗教信仰中,都透露出古希腊人对体育竞技的关注与重视。体育竞技与葬礼仪式、宗教祭祀的神秘联系,正是古希腊精神独有的文明印记。对丧葬仪式进行历史溯源,在文化流变的图谱中,从移民浪潮、神话起源、宗教寄托和社会风尚中寻找体育与宗教的文化勾连,剥离出古希腊民族性中体育竞技的文化魅力。Using the method of literature,through the text analysis of Homer＇s Epic,this study looks for the sports clue in funeral rites and discusses the sports value and significance behind the ancient Greek funeral culture. The competition in the funeral ceremony is a marriage between heroes,honors,divinity and sports,and is an important program in the life cycle,so Homer tried his best to describe it,which reflected the sacred status of sports competition in ancient Greek nations. Starting from the literature record in Homer＇s Epic,the study analyzes the contents of sports competitions and looks for the basis of the existence of the funeral competitions and holds that sports competition is the unique symbol and behavior symbol of Greek nationality. Literary works,social life,city affairs,education system and religious belief have revealed the concern and attention to sports competition of the ancient Greeks. The mysterious connection between sports competition and funeral rites and religious sacrifices is the unique civilization mark of ancient Greek spirit. The study traces to the history of the funeral rites,and looks for the cultural connections between sports and religion from the immigration wave,myth origin,religious sustenance and social fashion in the cultural changing map,and strips out the sports competition cultural charm in ancient Greek nationality.

关 键 词：古希腊 《荷马史诗》 丧葬仪式 体育竞技 体育文化 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]