安庆市外环境中H7N9禽流感病毒应急监测分析  

Emergency surveillance on external environment contamination of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Anqing municipality

作　　者：吴照春[1] 李贤相[1] 汪金生[1] 金爱武[1] 孙诚[1] 刘敏鸿[1] WU Zhao-chun;LI Xian-xiang;WANG Jin-sheng(Anqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anqing, Anhui Province 246005, Chin)

机构地区：[1]安庆市疾病预防控制中心,安徽246005

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2018年第6期887-890,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的通过对安徽省安庆市人感染H7N9禽流感外环境标本检测,分析外环境中病毒污染情况,研究判断人感染H7N9的风险,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法于2017年1月5日—2月22日,采用完全随机抽样的方法,采集安庆市38家农贸市场、4例确诊人感染H7N9禽流感病例居家禽类相关标本共324份,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒通用核酸检测,对阳性标本进一步进行H7N9检测。结果安庆市H7N9禽流感病毒阳性率28.40%,11个县(市、区)中有10个检出H7N9病毒阳性,阳性率90.90%(10/11)。主城区阳性率37.68%(26/69)高于非主城区,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.23,P<0.05);鸡、鸭、鸽子标本中,鸡标本阳性率最高31.75%(80/252),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.57,P<0.05);农贸市场来源的标本阳性率为29.77%(92/309),病例家来源的标本阳性率为0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.24,P<0.05);不同类型标本中,咽拭子和肛拭子阳性率最高,分别为42.86%(9/21)和40.00%(2/5),其次为饮水和污水;发生人感染病例前外环境标本阳性率38.71%(12/31)高于发生后,但2者间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.79,P>0.05)。结论安庆市农贸市场存在H7N9禽流感病毒污染。Objective To explore external environment contamination and human infection risk of avian influenza A （H7N9） virus in Anqing municipality of Anhui province and to provide evidences for developing relevant prevention and control measures. Methods Using random sampling, we collected 324 poultry-related specimens at 38 farmers＇ markets and 4 houses of patients diagnosed with avian influenza A （H7N9） virus infection in Anqing mucicipality between 5th January and 22nd February, 2017. We detected common nucleic acids of influenza A with real-time fluorescent quantitative （RT-PCR） for all the specimens and avian influenza A （H7N9） specific nucleic acids for all influenza A virus positive specimens. Results The positive rate of H7N9 virus nucleic acid was 28.40% for all the specimens. Positive specimens were detected in 90.90% （10/11） of the sampling regions （county or district） of the municipality. The positive rate of specimens collected in main urban areas was significantly higher than that of specimens collected in other urban areas （x^2 = 9.23, P 〈 0.05）. The positive rate of chicken-related specimens was 37.68% and significantly higher than that of duck- and pigeon- related specimens （x^2 = 6.57, P 〈 0.05）. The positive rate for specimens sampled at poultry markets was 29.21%, while no positive specimens were detected for the specimens sampled in the houses of H7N9 virus infected patients, with a significant difference （x^2 = 6.24, P 〈 0.05）. For the ten types of specimens, the positive rates were the highest （42.86% and 40.00%） for poultry throat and anal swabs, followed by drinking water and sewage samples. Nonsignificant higher positive rate was detected for external environment specimens collected at houses of the H7N9 virus infected patients before the infection incidence compared to those after the infection （x^2 = 1.79, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Avian influenza A （H7N9） virus contamination existed in poultry markets of Anqing municipality.

关 键 词：人感染H7N9禽流感 H7N9禽流感病毒 外环境 监测 

分 类 号：R181.82[医药卫生—流行病学]