大型真菌子实体发生的形态学过程及调控机制  

Morphological process and regulation mechanisms of fruiting body differentiation in macrofungi:a review

作　　者：宋林丽 邢晓科[1] 郭顺星[1] SONG Lin-Li;XING Xiao-Ke;GUO Shun-Xing(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《菌物学报》2018年第6期671-684,共14页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31572180);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程-重大协同创新项目(2016-I2M-2-002)~~

摘　　要：大型真菌中很多种类具有较高的营养价值和药用价值,而食药用部位多为大型真菌的子实体,所以子实体的形成对大型真菌的开发应用就显得尤为重要。在大型真菌生活史中,子实体的发生揭示着真菌完成了从营养生长向生殖生长的转变。从理论上来说,菌丝体只需完成营养生长,即可进入生殖生长;而实际上,子实体的发生受到各种环境因素、遗传因素等的影响。因此,本文从子实体发生的形态学过程、环境影响因素、分子调控机制等方面综述了近年国内外关于大型真菌子实体发生的研究概况,为大型真菌的系统研究和重要食药用菌的栽培驯化提供理论借鉴和参考依据。Many species of macrofungi are of high nutritional value and medicinal value, while the edible and medicinal parts mainly refer to fruiting bodies. The differentiation of fruiting body in macrofungi is very important for commercialized development and utilization. Differentiation of fruiting body reveals the fungi complete the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Theoretically, mycelia can further turn into reproductive growth once the vegetative growth finishes. However, differentiation of fruiting body is affected by various environmental factors and genetic factors. This review summarizes the recent studies on the differentiation of fruiting body in terms of morphological processes, environmental factors and molecular regulatory mechanisms, providing reference for systematic study and cultivation of macrofungi.

关 键 词：子实体发生 形态过程 环境条件 分子机制 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培] S646[农业科学—作物学]