不同水分和氮素供应对日光温室辣椒栽培基质氮转化细菌和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Supply on Nitrogen Transformational Bacteria and Enzyme Activities in Substrate Cultivated Greenhouse Pepper

作　　者：强浩然 张国斌[1] 郁继华[1] 马国礼 张柏杨 季磊 王翠丽 叶洁 杜淼鑫 QIANG Haoran;ZHANG Guobin;YU Jihua;MA Guoli;ZHANG Baiyang;JI Lei;WANG Cuili;YE Jie;and DU Miaoxin(College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Chin)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第5期943-958,共16页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460532);甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务项目

摘　　要：以‘陇椒10号’辣椒栽培基质为试验材料,研究了不同水分(基质最大持水量的80%、60%和40%)和施用氮肥(尿素0、2 989.83、1 993.12和996.72 kg·hm^(-2))处理对氮转化细菌数量及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:氨化细菌数量随施用氮肥量的增加而增加,而硝化细菌、反硝化细菌数量则减少,亚硝酸细菌数量变化无规律性;氮转化细菌数量均在基质最大持水量的60%条件下最高;水分和氮素供给适中有利于提高基质中脲酶和纤维素酶活性,而水分和氮素供给增加有利于提高蔗糖酶活性,水分供应降低有利于提高低氮量下过氧化氢酶及脲酶的活性;脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与氨化细菌、硝化细菌、亚硝酸细菌数量呈极显著正相关,纤维素酶活性与氨化细菌、硝化细菌、亚硝酸细菌及反硝化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,而过氧化氢酶活性与氨化细菌、反硝化细菌呈极显著负相关;水分和氮素的合理搭配可以增加辣椒的产量。基质含水量为基质最大持水量的60%,施用尿素2 989.83 kg·hm^(-2)处理的氮转化细菌数量及相关酶活性较高,辣椒产量较高。The substrate cultivated pepper（Capsicum annuum L.‘Longjiao 10＇）in greenhouse used as test material,the experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and nitrogen supply on the number of nitrogen transformed bacteria and the activities of related enzymes. Three water levels（80%,60%,40% of water-holding capacity in the substrate）and applied urea levels（0,2 989.83,1 993.12,996.72 kg · hm^-2）were randomized complete block designed. The results showed that increasing urea application rate increased the number of ammonifiers but decreased the number of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in substrate,having no regular effect on nitrite bacteria. Moreover,the nitrogen transformation bacteria number reached the highest when substrate relative moisture content was 60% of field capacity. The moderate water and nitrogen supply was conductive to improving urease and cellulase activity in substrate. However,the increase of water and nitrogen supply was beneficial for improving substrate sucrase activities. Reducing the water supply was conducive to improving the activities of catalase and urease under low nitrogen conditions. The activities of urease and sucrase had significantly positive correlations with the number of ammonifiers,nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria. Cellulase activity had significantly positive correlations with the number of ammonifiers,nitrifying bacteria,nitrite bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Catalase activity had significantly negative correlations with the number of ammonifiers and denitrifying bacteria. A reasonable mix of moisture and nitrogen can increase the yield of pepper. 60% substrate relative moisture and 2 989.83 kg · hm^-2 urea supply had the highest level of nitrogen transformation bacteria,activities of related enzymes,and yield.

关 键 词：辣椒 水分和氮素供应 基质微生物 基质酶 相关性分析 产量 

分 类 号：S641-3[农业科学—蔬菜学]