台风强降雨及雨后泥石流对广东高州水库生态环境的影响  

Effect of typhoon heavy rainfall and secondary debris flow on ecological environment of Gaozhou Reservoir

作　　者：周文婷[1,2] 邵瑞华[2] 张雅洲 马千里[1] 胡艳芳[1] 冼宪恒 苟婷[1] 许振成[1] 赵学敏[1] ZHOU Wenting;SHAO Ruihua;ZHANG Yazhou;MA Qianli;HU Yanfang;XIAN Xianheng;GOU Ting;XU Zhencheng;ZHAO Xuemin(South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China;School of Environmental and Chemical, Xi＇ an Polytechnic University, Xi＇ an, Shaanxi 710000, China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China;Guangzhou Purescape Ecological Protection Technology Co. ,Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510730, China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]西安工程大学,陕西西安710000 [3]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100000 [4]广州市璞境生态保护技术有限公司,广东广州510730

出　　处：《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018年第3期60-69,共10页The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(41401115);环保公益性行业科研专项(201509027);广州市科技计划产学研协同创新重大专项(201704030110)

摘　　要：2010年受"凡亚比"台风强降雨及诱发的次生灾害泥石流影响,高州水库集水区内植被及水环境质量受到严重损害。为评估此次灾害对集水区生态环境的影响,对比分析了灾害前后遥感数据及水体水质变化。结果表明,灾害对集水区高植被覆盖度区域造成较严重破坏,高植被覆盖度区域呈下降趋势,灾后集水区的高植被覆盖区转出面积(932.7km2)大于转入面积(889.4 km2),主要转变为中植被覆盖度区域,高植被覆盖度区域实际面积由灾前932.28 km2减少到灾后889.404 km2,面积减少42.884 km2;中植被覆盖区面积增加37.354 km2,无植被及低植被覆盖面积变化不大。灾后短时间内造成水库水质发生较大变化,库区及入库河流中DO、pH、SD、CODMn与Chl.a浓度降低;浊度与TN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP、Fe浓度升高;三条入库河流Fe浓度超出地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)中限值,其中古丁河口处Fe浓度超标准限值6.4倍;古丁河TN浓度和朋情河口处TN、TP浓度均超地表水Ⅲ类标准;水库供水口底层水体TN、TP含量浓度超地表水Ⅲ类标准,Fe浓度也超出标准限值,严重影响供水水质。由于台风强降雨极端气候变化和土地使用改变等因素综合影响,区域灾害类型趋向复合型变化,使得生态环境保护和供水水质安全保障面临更大的挑战。The terrestrial vegetation of the catchment area and water quality of Gaozhou reservoir were seriously damaged due to extreme heavy rainfall and secondary debris flow that induced by typhoon ＂Fanapi＂in 2010.Remote sensing and water quality data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the heavy rainfall and debris flow. The results showed that the area with high vegetation coverage transferred out（932. 7 km^2）,was more than that of transferred into（889. 4 km^2） the catchment. It was mainly transferred to mediumvegetation coverage area. The absolute area of high vegetation coverage changed from 932. 28 km^2 to 889. 40 km^2 after the disaster with a decrease of 42. 88 km^2. The area of medium vegetation coverage increased 37. 35 km^2. There was no significant change in area of low vegetation coverage and non-vegetation coverage area.Water quality of the reservoir and tributary inflows changed obviously, the concentration of DO, pH,transparency,CODMnand Chl. a decreased,and the turbidity and concentration of TN,NO3-N,NH4-N,TP and Fe increased. Concentration of Fe in the three tributary inflows exceeded the limit in Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water（GB 3838-2002）,and the Fe concentration of Guding River was 6. 4 times higher than the standard limit. TN concentration of Guding River and TP concentration of Pengqing River exceeded the limit of grade Ⅲ in GB 3838-2002. TP and TN concentration of the bottom water,near the water supply opening exceeded the limit of grade Ⅲ in GB 3838-2002 as well as the Fe concentration,which reduced the quality of drinking water remarkably. Conclusively,the protection of ecological environment and drinking water quality in Gaozhou reservoir are facing big challenge due to the complex disaster caused by extreme climate and abuse of land.

关 键 词：高州水库 台风 泥石流灾害 植被覆盖度 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]