两种电极材料下变压器油的冲击绝缘特性和空间电荷作用机理  

Space Charge Effect Mechanism and Insulation Properties of Transformer Oil Under Two Kinds of Electrode Material

作　　者：杨庆[1] 金泱 司马文霞[1] 刘梦娜 YANG Qing;JIN Yang;SIMA Wenxia;LIU Mengna(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment ＆ System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;Zhejiang Energy-R＆D, Hangzhou 311121, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室,重庆400030 [2]浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司,杭州311121

出　　处：《高电压技术》2018年第6期1750-1756,共7页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51277190);国家创新研究群体基金(51321063);重庆市高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划(编号略)~~

摘　　要：为探究电极材料对变压器油冲击绝缘性能的影响,选用铝、不锈钢两种电极材料,采用操作波和雷电波两种形式的冲击电压,对两种电极下变压器油的冲击击穿电压进行了测量。同时搭建了相应的空间电荷测量平台,测量了操作过电压下两种材料电极间变压器油的电场和空间电荷分布情况。试验结果表明：变压器油的冲击击穿电压受到极板材料的影响;变压器油在不锈钢极板下的雷电和操作冲击击穿电压均较铝电极有明显的提升;操作过电压作用下,铝电极的空间电荷注入能力要明显强于不锈钢电极,因此变压器油在铝极板间的电场畸变程度明显高于不锈钢极板。从空间电荷角度分析了电极材料对变压器油击穿电压的影响,认为不同电极材料下空间电荷的注入量不同,导致其变压器油中电场畸变程度的差异是造成不同电极材料下变压器油击穿电压差异的主要原因。Secleting aluminum and stainless steel as electrode materials, we investigated the influence of electrode materials on the insulation characteristics of transformer oil. Then, we tested the switching and lighting impulse breakdown voltages of transformer oil between the electrode materials. Furthermore, we built an interrelated space charge measurement platform to measure the distribution of electric field and space charge in transformer oil between the two electrode materials. The test results show that the electrode material remarkably affects the impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil. The switching and lighting impulse breakdown voltage between stainless steel electrode is much higher than that of aluminum electrode. The space charge injection quantity of aluminum electrode in transformer oil is more than that of stainless steel electrode when applied by switching impulse voltage. Thus, the electric field in transformer oil between stainless steel electrodes is more uniform than that between aluminum electrodes. By analyzing the effect of electrode material on the impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil in the view of space charge, we believe that the difference in space charge injection ability of electrode material will lead to the different degree of electric field distortion in transformer oil that causes the difference in impulse breakdown voltage.

关 键 词：变压器油 冲击击穿电压 电极材料 空间电荷 电场畸变 KERR效应 

分 类 号：TM855[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]