丹江口典型区域土壤侵蚀年内季节性分布研究  

Evaluation of Seasonal Soil Erosion Distribution in Typical Area of Danjiangkou

作　　者：冯奇[1,2,3] 肖飞 杜耘[1,2] 王立辉 FENG Qi;XIAO Fei;DU Yun;WANG Lihui(Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430077, China;Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430062, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,湖北武汉430077 [2]环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430077 [3]区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第6期168-174,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室开放基金:基于RS;GIS与USLE的丹江口库区典型区域农用地土壤侵蚀建模研究(2016B001);国家自然科学基金青年项目:基于SEM移民驱动力定量的丹江口典型地区土地覆盖格局多目标优化(41301098);湖北省科技支撑计划项目:丹江口库区农业面源污染立体监测与预警系统研究(2015BCA288);科技基础性工作专项:南水北调(中线)水源地生物群落环境调查(2015FY110400)

摘　　要：南水北调中线工程实施以来,水土流失依然是作为水源地的丹江口库区面临的重要问题。该文以位于库区核心区域的丹江口市西部开发区及城郊结合区为研究对象,利用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)模型与地理信息系统(GIS)技术结合的方法对区域土壤侵蚀进行2014年度分季节的模拟评估。结果表明:整个区域土壤侵蚀强度以中度和轻度为主,占面积的60%以上,但是占面积约30%的地区产生的土壤侵蚀量超过40%,其结果和已有研究有可比性。从空间分布上来看,研究区东部、中部、南部要比北部和西部严重,主要原因还是人类活动如坡面农业耕作和城郊的城市化扩张、临时裸露地迅速增加有关。从2014年内的季节分布来看,夏秋产生的土壤侵蚀比春季和冬季要高,主要原因之一还是和区域年内降雨有关。针对以上结论,研究区域的水土保持工作应针对城郊结合部的重点地区,尤其是亟待加强雨季的水土保持工作。Soil erosion is one of the major environment problems in Danjiangkou Reservoir region, where is the water source area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Middle Route. In order to understand the seasonal distribution of soil erosion of the typical area of the Reservoir, the universal soil loss equation（USLE） model and geographic information system（GIS） were used. The results showed that more than 60% of the study area was at the level of low and moderate. The areas with high and intense erosion was about 30% of total area, but in contribute to more than 40% of soil erosion amount, the results are comparable to those of previous studies. From the spatial distribution point of view, the eastern, central and southern parts of the study area are more serious than those in the north and the west, the main reason is human activity such as slope cultivation and fast urbanization. According to the seasonal distribution in the year 2014, the soil erosion in summer and autumn was higher than that in spring and winter. And the soil erosion amount was in the order as autumn（accounted for 38.7%of the year 2014） summer（36.8%） spring（24.5%） winter（0%）. The main reason is the uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year. Therefore, the more attentions should be paid to the areas with high erosion potentials in rainy season when the control measures are taken to inhibit soil erosion in future.

关 键 词：丹江口 土壤侵蚀 USLE 季节性分布 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]