拱顶储油罐爆炸作用下的动力响应数值模拟  

Numerical simulation on the dynamic response of fixed-roof oil storage tank under the effect of blast loading

作　　者：路胜卓[1] 陈卫东[1] 王伟[2] 张文松 LU Shengzhuo;CHEN Weidong;WANG Wei;ZHANG Wensong(College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University;School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology;Condition Guarantee Department, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院 [2]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院 [3]北京有色金属研究总院条件保障部

出　　处：《油气储运》2018年第6期644-650,共7页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目"基于物质点法大型储油罐结构爆炸冲击响应研究";E2015046

摘　　要：大型钢制储油罐在爆炸事故中极易遭受破坏,使得钢制储油罐结构的抗爆安全问题备受关注。基于此,根据柱壳理论建立了钢制储油罐结构的运动微分方程,并利用LS-DYNA非线性有限元计算软件,对容积为2×10~4 m^3拱顶式储油罐的爆炸破坏过程进行了数值模拟。通过缩比模型的破坏模拟试验对数值模拟结果的可靠性进行了验证,结果表明:在爆炸作用下,拱顶储油罐呈现弹塑性动力响应特性。受罐体轴向拉伸内力影响,顶部罐壁首先产生应力集中并引起结构强度失效,形成了迎爆面罐壁和部分拱顶内凹屈曲的破坏模式。由于爆炸冲击波和液体复合冲量的作用,失效区域带动相邻罐壁沿爆炸作用方向变形运动,最终导致罐体的失稳破坏。研究结果可为大型钢制储油罐的抗爆防护设计提供参考。Large steel storage tanks are vulnerable to damage in explosion accidents, and the safety problems related with the explosion resistance safety of such structure are concerned. In this paper, the motion differential equations for the structure of storage tank were established according to the cylindrical shell theory. Then, the damage process of the fixed-roof storage tank with volume of 2×10^4 m^3 by the explosion was simulated by using the non-linear finite element calculation software LS-DYNA. And finally, the reliability of the numerical simulation results was verified by performing damage simulation test on the scaled model. It is shown that the fixed-roof tank under the effect of explosion presents the characteristics of elastic-plastic dynamic response. Due to axial tensile internal force of the tank, stress concentrates firstly on the wall at the top of the tank, leading to the failure of the structural strength. And as a result, the failure mode of concave buckling at the tank wall facing the blast and at the partial fixed roof is formed. Besides, under the effect of the composite impulse of explosive blast and liquid, the adjacent tank wall undergoes the deformational event in the direction of blast loading under the driving of the failure region, and eventually the tank is destabilized. The research results can provide the reference for the explosion resistance design of large steel oil storage tanks.

关 键 词：拱顶式储油罐 爆炸荷载 破坏机理 数值模拟 抗爆设计 

分 类 号：TE89[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]