毛泽东、邓小平和习近平的海洋战略思想初探  

The Maritime Strategy of Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping

作　　者：贾宇 张小奕[4,1] JIA Yu;ZHANG Xiaoyi(China Institute for Marine Affairs, State Oceanic Administratio)

机构地区：[1]国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心 [2]国家海洋局海洋发展战略研究所党委 [3]中国海洋法学会 [4]海洋发展战略研究所

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2018年第3期5-17,共13页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“习近平海洋强国思想研究”(17VHQ001)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,为适应不断变化的国际环境,三代领导集体对我国的海洋政策进行过三次较大的调整,形成了具有鲜明时代特征的海洋战略思想。毛泽东时期将近海作为保卫国家安全的天然屏障,采用了以"生存"为底线的防御性海洋政策。邓小平时代实施改革开放,通过海洋走向世界,开放海洋以推动国内经济建设,形成了以"发展"为主线的开放性海洋政策。习近平新时代迎来了前所未有的海洋发展战略机遇期,提出了新安全观、亲诚惠容的周边外交理念、新型大国关系、人类命运共同体等一系列新理念、新论断,形成了独具特色的习近平海洋战略思想。在维护我国海洋权益的同时,倡议共建"一带一路",倡导合作共赢,不断推进海洋经济发展和生态文明建设,形成了以"强国"为核心的外向型海洋战略。Ever since the establishment of the PRC,three major adjustments have been made to China＇s marine policy for adaptation to the constantly changing environment of the international community.China＇s three generations of leaders have formed maritime strategic thoughts of distinctive characteristics of the era.Mao Zedong,attaching importance to national defense and the function of territorial sea as a natural barrier against external hostilities,adopted a defensive marine policy to ensure China＇s survival interests.Deng Xiaoping,by launching the reform and opening-up policy,reached out to the world by sea and activated economic development through the benefits of maritime trade,which features an opening-up marine policy focusing on economic development.With the advent of unprecedented strategic opportunity for marine development in the new era,Xi Jinping has put forward new concepts,e.g.New Security Concept,the＂amity,sincerity,mutual benefit,and inclusiveness＂neighborhood diplomacy,the＂new-type relationship between major powers＂,and＂community of common destiny＂,etc.,which are essential components of Xi Jinping＇s maritime strategic thoughts.The world has witnessed China＇s efforts on safeguarding its maritime rights and interests and proposing win-win cooperation through initiatives like＂One Belt,One Road＂,as well as China＇s achievements on the development of marine economy and ecological civilization.These thoughts and practice forms China＇s new outward-oriented maritime strategy featuring＂a strong maritime power＂.

关 键 词：海洋 战略 海洋强国 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学]