针对事件链的溢油监测需求分析及组网观测方案初探  

Analysis of oil-spill monitoring requirements and network observation scheme for event chain

作　　者：靳熙芳 万剑华[1] 黄娟[2] 李晓敏[3] 杨敏[4] 丁一[1] JIN Xi-fang;WAN Jian-hua;HUANG Juan;LI Xiao-min;YANG Min;DING Yi(China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266555,China;North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China;The First Institute of Oceanography,Qingdao266061,China;North China Sea Marine Technical Support Center,SOA,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东),山东青岛266555 [2]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266061 [3]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [4]国家海洋局北海海洋技术保障中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学》2018年第1期158-165,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1405303;2017YFC1405000)~~

摘　　要：本文针对普遍关注的溢油事件,分析了重大溢油事件应急监测中迫切需要解决的七个问题:溢油源确认核查、溢油面积准确估算、水下溢油探查、针对溢油应急过程的海洋环境监测、针对重点海域的溢油凝视监测、服务于溢油事件过程的次生事件风险观测;总结了溢油监测传感器的技术特点,分析了卫星、航空、固定式观测平台、移动式观测平台、水下固定和移动观测平台等5类溢油观测平台的技术现状与不足,提出了溢油跨学科组网观测构想,并初步设计了观测网络的组成及运行模式,以期对溢油组网观测系统的建设有所推动。To address the widespread concern regarding oil-spill events, we analyzed seven problems in need of urgent resolution in oil-spill emergency monitoring： identification of the oil-spill source, accurate assessment of the quantity of the oil spill, detection of underwater oil spills, marine environmental monitoring during the oil-spill emergency process, the initiation of oil-spill monitoring in key sea areas, and secondary-event risk analysis for oil-spill events. In this paper, we summarize the technical characteristics of oil-spill monitoring sensors and analyze the current technical status and shortages associated with five detection methods, including satellite remote sensing, aerial remote sensing, offshore fixed-platform observation, underwater fixed–platform observation, and mobile-platform observation. Lastly, we propose the establishment of an interdisciplinary oil-spill observation network and provide a design regarding its composition and operational mode to promote its establishment.

关 键 词：溢油 事件链 监测需求 组网观测 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X55