云南白水江流域一次暴雨洪水过程成因分析  

THE CAUSE ANALYSIS OF A RAINSTORM AND FLOOD PROCESS OCCURRED IN BAISHUIJIANG BASIN OF YUNNAN

作　　者：李华宏[1] 陈小华[1] 许迎杰[1] LI Hua - hong;CHEN Xiao - hua;XU Ying -jie(Meteor ological Observatory of Yunan Province, Kunming 650034,Yunnan , Chin)

机构地区：[1]云南省气象台,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2018年第2期72-77,79,80,共8页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"云南强降水过程背景下短时强降水天气特征分析及机理研究"(41565004);云南省科技惠民专项"云南强对流灾害性天气短时临近预警系统研究"(2016RA096);云南气象科技和人才创新建设工程项目"中小河流洪水及山洪灾害预警指标完善"

摘　　要：利用自动雨量站及水文站观测资料、卫星云图、NCEP再分析资料等对2017年8月24日至25日发生在云南白水江流域的一次严重暴雨洪涝灾害特征及成因进行分析。结果表明:次此灾害是一次由流域暴雨引发的单峰型洪水过程,"天鸽"台风减弱后的热带低压及其北侧的倒槽是主要影响天气系统,低压外围来自南海的东南气流为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽和能量供应,台风倒槽为强烈的上升运动提供动力条件。影响天气系统深厚,流域内降雨强度大、持续时间长,是导致白水江连续17个小时出现超警戒水位并引发严重洪涝灾害的主要原因。过程期间,垂直速度特征、卫星云图上螺旋云带分布及对流云团的监测情况有助于解决台风低压外围暴雨时空分布极不均匀的难题。Based on automatic meteorological and hydrological observing data,FY-2G satellite data,NCEP reanalysis data,the disaster characteristics and synoptic causes of a rainstorm and flood process occurred in Baishuijiang basin of Yunnan on 24 and 25 August 2017 are analyzed. The results showthat it is a single peak flood process triggered by basin rainstorm. The tropical depression of Hato typhoon and the trough lied in the north of depression are the key weather systems of this flood process. The southeast air flowfrom the South China Sea provides sufficient water vapor and energy supply for the rainstorm area. The trough provides dynamic conditions for the strong upward motion over the rainstorm area. The key weather systems are deep and powerful. The rainfall is very intense and continuous in the basin,which leads to the water level of Niujie hydrologic station crossing warning level for 17 hours and results in the serious flood disaster. During the process,the characteristics of vertical velocity,the distribution of spiral cloud bands and its convective clouds on satellite cloud images are helpful to solve the problem of inhomogeneous distributed rainstorm around the tropical depression.

关 键 词：暴雨灾害 流域洪水 白水江流域 物理量诊断 

分 类 号：P458.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]