两种不同骑行姿态对功率车大强度骑行表现的影响  

Effect of Two Different Cycling Postures on the Performance of High Intensity Riding on Cycling Ergometer

作　　者：马国强[1] 唐琪[2] 倪大海[2] 龚铭新[3] 李广凯[1] MA Guo-qiang1, TANG Qi2, NI Da-hai2, GONG Ming-xin3, LI Guang-kai1(1.Shanghai Researchlnstitute of Sports Sdence, Shanghai 200030, China; 2.ShanghaiTechnical Sports Institute, Shanghai 201100, China; 3.Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [2]上海体育职业学院,上海201100 [3]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2018年第3期123-129,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市体育局科研攻关与科技服务课题(14JT027)

摘　　要：目的:比较运动员以低把位(Dropped position,DP)和计时位(Time-trial position,TTP)两种骑行姿态,分别完成功率车一次力竭大强度骑行的运动表现差异,探讨骑行姿态改变对下肢肌肉踏蹬发力的影响。方法:在Wattbike功率自行车上安装标准弯把和计时把,建立运动员低把位和计时位两种不同的姿态模型。8名男子场地短距离优秀组(TS组)和12名男子公路青年组(R组)运动员分别以两种姿态完成模拟1 000 m骑行测试。对两组运动员不同姿态下的计时成绩、功率、频率、心率和BLa进行比较。结果:功率车模拟1 km TT中的Pmax和Pavr-start 20 s同时受到骑姿、专项和二者交互作用的显著影响,其中,专项因素的贡献率占比最大,TS组DP姿态测试的Pmax和Pavr-start 20 s分别较TTP姿态显著提高了17.8%和14.5%(P<0.05);Cmax仅受到骑姿和专项因素的显著影响,TS组DP姿态下的Cmax较TTP姿态显著增加了6.6%(P<0.05);而测试中的Cavr、Pavr、Pavr-end 20 s和成绩仅受到专项分组因素的显著影响,两骑姿间未见显著差异;R组1 km TT结束后的△BLa显著大于TS组,且DP较TTP姿态高了12.8%(P<0.05)。结论:低把位骑行姿态较之计时位有利于运动员功率车大强度骑行开始阶段达到更高的功率和频率水平,而短距离专项运动员更善于发挥低把位骑行姿态的优势。Objectives This paper analyzes the differences of high intensity riding performance on ergometer with the two different cycling postures of dropped position and time-trial position, and investigates the effect of cycling posture on pedalling force. Methods 8 elite male track sprinted cyclists（TS group） and 12 young male road cyclists（R group） completed the simulated one kilometers time-trial（1 km TT） on Wattbike ergometer with the two different cycling postures of dropped（DP） and time-trial（TTP） position which were realized through installing the standard dropped or time-trial handbar respectively. The time results, power, cadence, heartrate and BLa were analyzed. Results The Pmax and Pavr-start20 s of simulated 1 km TT on Wattbike were significantly affected by the factors of postures, specific training and interactions of both, and the specific factor contributed the most. The Pmax and Pavr-start20 s of TS group with DP was significant higher than TTP by 17.8% and 14.5%respectively（P〈0.05）. The Cmax was only affected by posture and specific factors. TS group＇s Cmax with DP was obvious higher than TTP by 6.6%（P〈0.05）. But the Cavr, Pavr, Pavr-end 20 s and results of 1 km TT were only affected by the specific factors, and no significant differences existed between the two postures. R group＇s △ BLa after 1 km TT was bigger than TS group. The △ BLa with DP posture was higher than TTP by 12.8%（P〈0.05） only in R group. Conclusions The cycling posture of dropped position can help athletes reaching the higher power and cadence on ergometer at the starting phase of high intensity riding. Track sprinted cyclists can take advantage of the dropped position more than road riders.

关 键 词：骑行姿态 低把位 计时把位 功率车 

分 类 号：G872.3[文化科学—体育训练]