贵州省黔西县土壤侵蚀敏感性评价  

Sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion in Qianxi county of Guizhou province

作　　者：张景华[1] 高慧[1] 欧阳渊[1] 张建龙[1] ZHANG Jinghua, GAO Hui, OUYANG Yuan, ZHANG Jianlong(Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey ,610081, Chengdu, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,成都610081

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2018年第2期88-94,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目"乌蒙山区地质矿产综合调查"(121201010000150002);"乌蒙山区生态环境遥感调查"(121201010000150002-23)

摘　　要：根据黔西县碳酸盐岩分布广、纯度高和土壤侵蚀不同于非喀斯特地区的特点,选取降雨侵蚀力、坡度、土壤质地、植被类型、土壤允许流失量和基岩裸露率6个指标,在Arc GIS的支持下,开展土壤侵蚀敏感性评价,并从构造和岩性2方面分析土壤侵蚀敏感性与地质背景之间的关系。结果表明:1)黔西县土壤侵蚀以轻度—中度敏感为主,占68.93%,敏感性全县整体较低、局部较高,高度—极敏感主要分布于定新、铁石、沙井、锦星等乡镇,以定新乡最为敏感;2)地质背景对黔西县土壤侵蚀敏感性有着深远的影响,构造通过控制地貌形态和岩性分布间接影响土壤侵蚀敏感性,岩性直接控制着土壤侵蚀的敏感程度,岩性组合中碳酸盐岩的含量越多,土壤侵蚀越敏感,高度—极敏感区绝大部分都在碳酸盐岩区。[Background]Qianxi county of Guizhou province is an important ecological barrier and plays an important role in ensuring the ecological security of the Wujiang River Basin. However,as a typical mountainous county in karst region,carbonate rocks are more than 90% of the area of Qianxi county,and affected by various reasons,thus the ecological environment is fragile. In this paper,the sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion was carried out,in order to provide the basis for soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction. [Methods] The geological environment of Qianxi county is characterized by wide distribution and high purity of carbonate rocks,and karst rocky desertification.Therefore,the soil erosion in Qianxi county is different from that of non-karst areas. In addition to rainfall,topography,soil and vegetation influence,soil loss tolerance and bareness of bedrocks closely related with the geological background should also be considered. Therefore,rainfall erosion,slope gradient,soil texture,vegetation types,soil loss tolerance and bareness of bedrocks were selected as indicators to evaluate the sensitivity of soil erosion,under the support of Arc GIS. First,the single factor sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion was carried out. Second,all factors of soil erosion sensitivity were carried out by overlay analysis. And then the relationship between soil erosion sensitivity and geological background was analyzed from the structure and lithology. [Results] 1） The soil erosion in Qianxi county was mainly slight and moderate sensitive,accounting for 68. 93%,and the sensitivity of soil erosion was low in the whole county,but rather high in some areas. The strongly and extremely sensitiveareas were mainly distributed in Dingxin,Tieshi,Shajing,and Jinxing towns. Dingxin is the most sensitive town. 2） The geological background had a profound impact on the soil erosion sensitivity of Qianxi county. The structure indirectly influenced the soil erosion sensitivity by controlling the distribution of

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 敏感性评价 地质背景 岩性 构造 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]