黄河三角洲水鸟多样性调查及种群数量监测  

Investigation on the diversity and population of waterbird in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve

作　　者：黄子强 车纯广 谭海涛[2] 毕正刚[2] 刘伟华[2] 张希涛[2] 张树岩[2] 李东来[1] HUANG Ziqiang;CHE Chunguang;TAN Haitao;BI Zhenggang;LIU Weihua;ZHANG Xitao;ZHANG Shuyan;LI Donglai(College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Dongying 257091, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2018年第2期41-45,48,共6页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：2014年1月-12月,采用样点法对黄河三角洲黄河口管理站周边地区的水鸟组成和数量进行了全年监测。本次调查共记录到水鸟11目15科45种。其中国家I级重点保护鸟类6种,分别为丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白枕鹤(Grus vipio)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大鸨(Otis tarda);国家II级重点保护鸟类8种,如灰鹤(Grus grus)、白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)、大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、小杓鹬(Numenius minutus)、卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus)、疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)等。优势物种有7种,分别为灰雁(Anser anser)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、普通海鸥(Larus canus)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynhos)、翘鼻麻鸭(Tadorna tadorna)和灰鹤等。从居留型,冬候鸟和旅鸟最多,分别占鸟类物种总数的24.44%和35.56%。从区系型组成,古北界种最多,占48.89%;其次为广布种,占42.22%。不同季节鸟类多样性存在显著变化,春、秋季鸟类多样性较高,夏季和冬季鸟类多样性较低。经过调查监测发现,黄河三角洲黄河口管理站周边环境保护较好,生境类型多样,鸟类组成分丰富,数量庞大,但仍需要进一步加强周边生态环境的治理,为鸟类提供一个良好的栖息环境。The species composition and population size of the waterbird in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve was investigated from January 2014 to December 2014 using the point count method. Totally, forty five waterbird species（362 477 individuals） belonging to 15 families and 11 orders were recorded. Of the 45 species, six were classified as class I National Protected Birds in China and eight were class Ⅱ National Protected Birds. Winter residents and passing migrants were the dominant species,accounting for 24.44% and 35.56%. From the floristic composition, palaearctic were the dominant species, accounting for 48.89%,secondly were the cosmopolitan, accounting for 42.22%. The bird diversity showed significant variation seasonally, and was high in the spring and autumn, low in summer and winter. The successfully environment protection of Yellow River estuary management station has attracted a large number of birds to stage in the reserve. However, further ecological conservation should be still need to enhance to provide more diverse and suitable habitats for birds.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲自然保护区 鸟类多样性 种群数量监测 湿地保护 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学]