汉语双主语句的最简句法研究  

A Minimalist Syntactic Analysis of Double-subject Sentence in Chinese

作　　者：马志刚[1] 田启林[2] Ma Zhi-gang;Tian Qi-lin(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China;Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学,广州510420 [2]浙江工业大学,杭州310023

出　　处：《外语学刊》2018年第4期41-48,共8页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：2016年教育部人文社科一般项目“语段与加标理论视角下的句法孤岛现象研究”(16YJC740064);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2016年度学科共建项目“非英语专业学生英语词素能力的发展路径”(GD16XWW21)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：基于语段理论和左向分支限制，本文从语义蕴涵、句法结构和语用意图3方面对“这棵树叶子大”与“这棵树的叶子大”这两类句式的辨析表明：前者为话题--焦点句，因凸显焦点义，其CP分解为独立的话题投射（Top P）和焦点投射（Foc P）；而后者则为单主语句，因表达陈述义，保持其陈述性CP不被分解，因此补语成分“这棵树的叶子”只能整体移至TP的标示语位置作主语。遵循最简句法的推导机制，本文基于实证语料分析既揭示两类汉语句式在信息结构方面的差异，同时也说明二者均可在最简机制中生成；同时还指出，英语句子必备主语的类型学特征以及其领属关系必须实现为显性形式的特点决定英语中不可能存在类似于“这棵树叶子大”这样的句式。Following the Phase Theory and the Left Branch Constraint, this article presents a contrastive analysis of the two semantically related sentences ＂Zhe Ke Shu Yezi Da and Zhe Ke Shu de Yezi Da＂. The former is taken as a clause both with a topic projection and with a focus projection, whereas the latter as a CP clause only with a subject. In accordance with the minimalist derivational mechanism, the updated analysis, on the basis of empirical data, reveals the derivational differences between the two relevant sentences, especially in terms of informational structure. In addition, the generative procedures of the two sentences demon- strate the minimalist tenet of deriving all the structures by recourse to the same operation. Furthermore, the typological feature of subject-requirement for every English sentence and the reliance of overt means in the realization of possession relationship renders it impossible for English to form a grammatical sentence like ＂Zhe Ke Shu Yezi Da＂.

关 键 词：最简方案 语段理论 左向分支限制 双主句 话题 焦点 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]