1937—1949年陕甘宁边区人口再分布及人均耕地变动过程  

Changing process of population redistribution and per capita farmland in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region from 1937 to 1949

作　　者：米瑞华 MI Ruihua(School of Public Administration, Huadong Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;College of Economics and Management, Yanan University, Yanan 716000, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学公共管理学院,上海200062 [2]延安大学经济管理学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期104-111,共8页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDC035);陕西省社会科学基金(2016G009);延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2015-12);延安市社会科学专项资金规划项目(16CSRG26)

摘　　要：以边区各县人口规模、耕地面积和人均耕地为指标,采用地图可视化、热点分析、空间自相关、回归分析等方法,从人-地资源匹配的视角,阐明1937—1949年陕甘宁边区人口再分布与人均耕地变动过程及其经济社会效应。研究发现:随着政府有效引导人口迁移,边区人口密度和人均耕地指标的空间集聚特征增强;在大生产运动的推动下,逐渐实现了以平均高程和纬度所代表的土地同质条件下的人均耕地等量化趋势。陕甘宁边区政府为解决边区粮食不足和农业人口分布等不均衡问题,提出奖励移民和大生产运动等经济政策,吸引较大规模的边区农业人口再分布,人均耕地占有量随着人口再分布而显著变化,这充分发挥了边区各县的人口承载余力,是一种对人力资源与物质资源进行优化匹配的有利尝试,促进了资源匮乏时期寻求人的最大生存机会、寻求中国革命伟大胜利等目标的实现。Using the methods of map visualization, hot spot analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and regression analysis, and taking population, arable land and per capita farmland in County level as the indexes, the change process of population redistribution and per capita arable land and its economic and social effect are clarified. The results show that, with the effective guiding on the population migration from the government, the spatial agglomeration characteristics of population density and per capita farmland increased; under the impetus of large-scale production campaign, the quantitative trend of per capita farmland under the condition of homogeneous land represented by average elevation and latitude has been gradually realized. In order to solve the problem of the refugees influx, food shortage and uneven distribution of agricultural population in the border area, the government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region has proposed economic policies, such as rewarding immigration and large-scale production campaigns, attracting larger scale agricultural population redistribution in the Border Region, while the per capita farmland has changed significantly accordingly. The research indicates that, relevant policies and measures of the Border Region government have given full play to the population carrying capacity of each county in the border area, which is an advantageous attempt to optimize the matching between human resources and material resources.

关 键 词：延安时期 陕甘宁边区 人口再分布 人均耕地 空间分析 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学] F301.24