短小芽孢杆菌AR03挥发性有机物的抑菌活性及其组分分析  

Antimicrobial Effect and Components Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bacillus pumilus AR03

作　　者：王静[1] 曹建敏[1] 陈德鑫[1] 邱军[1] 王晓强 冯超[1] 王文静[1] WANG Jing;CAO JianMin;CHEN DeXin;QIU Jun;WANG XiaoQiang;FENG Chao;WANG WenJing(Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第10期1908-1919,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610232016012);中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技项目(SCYC201604);山东省现代农业产业技术体系烟草产业创新团队(SDAIT-2)

摘　　要：【目的】对分离自烟草根际土壤中的一株短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)AR03菌株产生的挥发性有机物进行抑菌活性测定和组分分析。【方法】采用培养皿对扣熏蒸法和凹玻片孢子萌发法测定挥发性有机物对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)和赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)菌落、菌丝生长以及孢子萌发的影响,采用离体叶片接种法测定挥发性有机物对烟草黑胫病和赤星病的防治效果;采用顶空加热法收集抑菌挥发性有机物,对其进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测,并结合保留指数(retention index,RI)和内标(internal standard,IS)1-十五烯对其组分进行定性和定量分析。【结果】短小芽孢杆菌AR03菌株分泌的挥发性有机物对供试的两种病原真菌均具有一定的抑制作用,表现为经处理后的烟草黑胫病菌菌丝生长稀疏缓慢变粗、分支增多且扭曲、断裂;赤星病菌菌丝生长畸形,其上不产生分生孢子梗,内含物大部分聚集成团导致菌丝干瘪、缢缩。对峙培养2、4、6和8 d时,挥发物对黑胫病菌和赤星病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为56.21%和59.23%、64.75%和59.86%、66.13%和61.10%、67.04%和70.00%;对黑胫病菌游动孢子和赤星病菌分生孢子的抑制作用表现为延迟萌发且萌发后的芽管生长缓慢;黑胫病菌产生孢子囊数明显减少,赤星病菌分生孢子各分隔处的细胞畸形肿胀成泡状。离体叶片抗病测定结果显示,挥发性有机物抑制黑胫病菌和赤星病菌病斑在叶片的扩展,对峙熏蒸40 h时,对照叶片黑胫病的发病率为92.50%,圆形坏死病斑直径是25.10 mm,经挥发物处理后叶片发病率为70.83%,病斑直径为9.45 mm,对黑胫病斑扩散的抑制率为62.35%;对峙熏蒸80 h时,对照叶片赤星病的发病率为88.33%,病斑扩散为近圆形的褐色坏死斑,平均直径为8.32 mm,经挥发物处理后赤星病的发病率为60.80%,病斑扩展较慢,平均直径为2.85 mm,挥发�【Objective】 The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of volatile organic compounds（VOCs）, produced from tobacco rhizosphere soil Bacillus pumilus AR03 strain, and to analyze its main components.【Method】The antifungal effect of VOCs on the colony, mycelium growth and spore germination of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and Alternaria alternata was determined by a double Petri dish assay and cavity slide method. The control effect of VOCs on tobacco black shank and brown spot by leaf inoculation was determined in vitro. VOCs were collected by head-space solid phase microextraction（HS-SPME） and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Retention index（RI） and internal standard（IS） 1-pentadecence were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.【Result】VOCs released from B. pumilus AR03 strain had certain inhibitory effect on the two target pathogens, which showed that the mycelium of P. parasitica grew slowly and thinned, branches increased and twisted, and broke. The mycelium of A. alternata was deformed and no conidial pedicle was produced on the mycelium. Most of the inclusions gathered together and caused the mycelium to dry and constricted. Growth of exposed fungus colonies was inhibited by VOCs, the inhibition rates of VOCs were 56.21% and 59.23%, 64.75% and 59.86%, 66.13% and 61.10%, 67.04% and 70.00%, respectively, against P. parasitica and A. alternata cultured in sealed plates for 2, 4, 6 and 8 d. When the zoospores of P. parasitica and ascospores of A. alternata exposed to these volatile components for 6 h, the germination was delayed and the growth was slow. The number of sporocyst produced by P. parasitica obviously reduced. Most conidiophores of A. alternata expanded abnormally as cystic structure, indicating the fungicidal nature of the volatiles. Moreover, VOCs could significantly inhibit the disease severities of tobacco black shank and brown spot on leaves tests. Direct fumigation for 40 h and 80 h, black shan

关 键 词：短小芽孢杆菌AR03 挥发性有机物 烟草黑胫病菌 烟草赤星病菌 顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]