高纯度纳米硅粉的制备及其在水中的分散工艺研究  

Synthesis and Aquatic Dispersion of Highly Pure Silicon Nano-Particles

作　　者：李振[1] 张振忠[1] 耿志鹏 赵芳霞[1] 武黎明 Li Zhen;Zhang Zhenzhong;Geng Zhipeng;Zhao Fangxia;Wu Liming(College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanfing Tech University, Nanfing 210009, China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210009

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2018年第6期494-500,共7页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(苏政办发[2014]86号);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015B128)

摘　　要：采用直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备高纯度纳米级硅粉,利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光分析、氮氧分析仪、透射电子显微镜和相应的选区电子衍射等测试手段对样品物理化学性质进行表征。采用紫外分光光度计法研究超声时间和不同的分散剂及其加入量对纳米硅粉在水介质中分散效果的影响。结果表明:制备出近球形、立方晶型结构的纳米硅粉,粒径分布窄,其纯度达到99.93%(质量比)。随着超声时间和分散剂浓度的增加,分散效果呈现先增大后趋向平稳的趋势,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对纳米硅粉在水介质中的分散效果最好。纳米硅粉在水介质中较好的分散工艺为:在pH=6、超声功率为560 W的情况下,CTAB加入量为4%,超声时间为80 min。分散后的硅粉比未分散的硅粉首次放电比容量提升14.93%,达到了2640 m Ah/g,首次库伦效率达到34.92%。Highly pure silicon nano-particles were synthesized by DC arc plasma evaporation. The nanostructures and properties of Si nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence analysis,nitrogen-oxygen determinator,and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the ultrasonic mixing time and dispersant type on the aquatic dispersion behavior was investigated. The results show that the purity of spherical Si nano-particle with narrow size distribution was 99. 93%,and the ultrasonic time,dispersant type and concentration had a major impact. For example,cetyltrime thylammonium bromide（CTAB） works best; as the ultrasonic time and CTAB-concentration increased,the dispersion was improved in an increase-stable mode. The optimized conditions included： pH value of 6,CTAB-content of 4%,ultrasonic power of 560 W and ultrasonic time of 80 min. The ultrasonic mixing and dispersant modification of Si nanoparticles increased the 1 st-discharge capacity by 14. 93%（to2640 m Ah/g） and the 1 st-coulombic efficiency to 34. 92%.

关 键 词：直流电弧等离子蒸发法 纳米硅粉 蒸馏水 分散工艺 锂硅电池 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]