费用、权利与心态——英国议会圈地对农民的影响  

Cost,Rights and Mind: The Effect of English Parliamentary Enclosure on Peasants

作　　者：倪正春[1] NI Zheng-chun(College of Social Development, Nanfing Normal University, Nanjing 210046)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《中国农史》2018年第3期97-106,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"英国议会圈地与农民土地权利研究"(14BSS027)

摘　　要：英国议会圈地对农民的影响长期以来是颇具争议的问题。议会圈地与农民之间的关系可以从以下几个方面来理解:首先,议会圈地费用的负担导致卖地现象的增加,部分卖掉土地的农民离开了世代生活的教区,另谋生路;其次,公共权利的取消使无地少地的农民失去了独立生存的基础,沦为资本主义农场的雇佣工人,或不得不加入工业劳动力的大军;再次,公地共同体解体使农民的阶级关系及心理心态发生转折。但是,总体上来说,议会圈地虽然加速了农民数量的减少,但并不是农民消失的主要原因。The effect of English parliamentary enclosure on peasants is a controversial issue for a long time. The relation between parliamentary enclosure and peasants could be understood from following sides： first, the burden of enclosure cost increase the sales of land, lead to some peasants left their parish; second, the extinguishment of common rights lead to peasants could no longer live independently. Third, peasants lose their economic and spiritual homeland due to the dismemberment of common field community. In conclusion, al- though parliamentary enclosure accelerated the decrease of peasants, it was not the sole reason of the disap- pearance of peasants.

关 键 词：议会圈地 圈地费用 公共权利 公地共同体 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]