氨氢燃料电池研究开发现状  

Research and Development Status of Ammonia-hydrogen Fuel Cell

作　　者：罗承先[1] Luo Chengxian(Former SINOPEC Center of Information,Beijing 100011)

机构地区：[1]原中国石化信息中心

出　　处：《中外能源》2018年第6期20-26,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：预计到2045年世界氢燃料汽车市场占有率将达到95%。2020年中国燃料电池车辆将达到10000辆;2030年,燃料电池车辆保有量达到200万辆。中国有望成为全球最大的燃料电池汽车市场。氢燃料电池汽车面临的最大困难是氢燃料运输/使用的安全性、基建设施的建立和完善等。选择氨作为载体,易于使用,最方便替代氢。作为氢载体的氨的利用工艺是把氨运到加氢站变换成氢,用于搭载固体高分子型燃料电池汽车（FCV）的燃料。日本由多家研究单位和企业组成氨氢站团队开发了氢供应量1m^3/h（标准）的氨分解装置、氨除去装置、氢精制装置。用这些装置组合成氨分解/高纯度氢供应系统,可制造FCV氢燃料。下一步将进入氢供应量10m^3/h（标准）的氨分解/高纯度氢供应系统验证实验。以色列开发的氨氢燃料电池项目在中国寻求合作伙伴。澳大利亚开发出一套基于金属薄膜的＂氢-氨＂转换新技术,解决了氢气长途运输难题。建议国家有关方面组织联合攻关,研发我国的氨氢燃料电池汽车。It is predicted that the market share of hydrogen-powered vehicle in the world will reach 95% by2045.The number of fuel cell vehicle（FCV） in China will reach 10000 in 2020 and 2 million in 2030.China is expected to become the world′s largest FCV market.The biggest challenges facing hydrogen FCVs are the transportation and use safety of hydrogen fuel and the establishment and improvement of infrastructure.Ammonia is selected as the carrier because it is easy to use and the most convenient in replacing hydrogen.As a hydrogen carrier,ammonia is sent to the hydrogenation station where it is converted into hydrogen to carry the fuel for polymer electrolyte FCVs.An ammonia-hydrogen station team consisting of research institutes and companies in Japan has developed ammonia decomposition unit,ammonia removal unit and hydrogen purification unit with a hydrogen supply of 1 m^3/h（standard）.These units are combined into an ammonia decomposition and high purity hydrogen supply system,which can produce hydrogen fuel for FCVs.The next step is to use an ammonia de-composition and high purity hydrogen supply system with a hydrogen supply of 10 m^3/h（standard） for demonstration.The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell project developed by Israel is seeking partners in China.The new hydro-gen-ammonia conversion technology developed by Australia based on metal films can solve the long-distance transportation problem of hydrogen.It is recommended that all the interested parties in China organize a joint study on the development of China′s ammonia-hydrogen FCVs.

关 键 词：氢燃料电池 合成氨生产工艺 氨分解 氨除去 氢精制 氨氢燃料电池 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济] TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]