1980-2011年全球不同地区冰川物质平衡变化分析  

Analysis of the changes of glacier mass balances in different parts of the world from 1980 to 2011

作　　者：张国飞 李祥飞 李忠勤 ZHANG Guofei;LI Xiangfei;LI Zhongqin(School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science / Tianshan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2018年第2期214-222,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CBA01801);国家自然科学基金项目(41301069;41641003)资助

摘　　要：在气候变暖背景下,全球大多数冰川加速退缩,冰川物质亏损严重,呈负平衡增长趋势。利用世界冰川监测服务处(WGMS)最新刊布的物质平衡资料,对全球重点监测冰川的物质平衡现状及结果进行扼要的总结和比较,分析了1980-2011年全球不同地区冰川物质平衡的区域特征、变化过程及总体变化趋势,评估了冰川物质平衡对海平面变化的贡献。结果表明:1980-2011年,全球冰川物质亏损严重,加速退缩,平均减薄了14 m,其中阿尔卑斯山脉及太平洋海岸山脉的退缩尤为明显,平均减薄了30 m左右;各地区冰川的平均物质平衡变化趋势与全球平均趋势基本保持一致,具有典型的纬度地带性分布特征;物质平衡变化过程分为正平衡波动型、负平衡波动型及负平衡持续增长型三类,但总体上处于负平衡持续增长趋势;在全球继续增温的未来,冰川将会继续退缩,物质亏损强度不断增大,负平衡趋势不断增强。冰川物质平衡对海平面上升的贡献呈增大趋势,且与全球气温上升基本上是同步的。Most of the glaciers in the world are seriously retreating with the climate warming; mass balances of the glaciers showa serious mass loss and a negative balance tendency. In this paper,based on the newmass balance data published by the World Glacier Monitoring Service,the current status of the glaciers in the world is summarized and compared; the regional characteristics,the change process and the overall tendency of the glacier mass balance changes in different parts of the world,as well as the recent contribution of glacier mass balance to sea level rise,are analyzed. The results showed that the global glaciers had experienced an accelerating mass loss and accelerating shrink,and the average glacier thickness had thinned 14 m from 1980 to 2011; the Alps and the Pacific Coast Ranges were particularly vulnerable,where glaciers had thinned about 30 m in average; the average mass balance changing tendency of the glaciers in different parts of the world had basically consistence with the general global average tendency; the changes of mass balance had been characterized by typical latitudinal zonality. Temporally,the change process of the mass balance of global glaciers may be divided into fluctuating positive balance type,fluctuating negative balance type and continuous increasing negative balance type. However,as a whole,the general tendency is continuous increasing negative balance. As the global climate warming in the future,the global glaciers will continue to shrink,mass loss rate will be increasing,negative balance will be increasing. The contribution of glacier mass balance to sea level rise will be increasing. It is believed that global temperature rise will be basically in synchrony.

关 键 词：全球冰川 物质平衡 海平面变化 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]