中国竹材制浆造纸及高值化加工利用现状及展望  

Present Situation and Prospects of Bamboo Pulp and Paper Making and Its Value-added Utilization

作　　者：沈葵忠[1,2] 房桂干[1,2] 林艳[1] Shen Kuizhong;Fang Guigan;Lin Yan(Research Institute of Forestry Industrial Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Forestry;Key Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry of Administratio;National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilizatio;Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu, Nanjing 210042, China;2 Collaborative Innovation Center for High Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所、国家林业局林产化学工程重点开放性实验室、生物质化学利用国家工程实验室,江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室,南京210042 [2]南京林业大学林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,南京210037

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2018年第3期68-73,共6页World Forestry Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2017ZX003-08);江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室项目(JSBEM-s-201510)

摘　　要：竹材是一种优良的纤维原料,可用于制浆造纸和提取竹原纤维。竹材的纤维形态、化学成分基本介于针叶木和阔叶木之间,漂白竹浆的品质与木浆相当。虽然竹子存在半纤维素和灰分含量较高等不足,但其α-纤维素含量较高,可制取高得率级溶解浆。竹浆是中国造纸工业鼓励发展的浆种,目前产能在200万t/a以上,且今后几年将出现快速增长势头。竹浆厂每年产生大量的纤维类废弃物。以竹浆生产为主线,提供多种高附加值产品,将是未来竹浆企业获得可持续健康发展的盈利模式。生产溶解浆、生活用纸等新型差异化终端产品,并对制浆过程产生的纤维类废弃物进行高附加值综合利用,制备阻燃型保温材料、乙醇和丁醇等生物质燃料,以及纳米纤维素微晶产品,是现在竹浆企业可供选择的发展路径。竹原纤维具有天然抗菌抑菌性、吸湿除臭、抗紫外光、隔音隔热性等功能特性,是生产高档服装、吸附材料和隔热隔音材料的良好纤维原料。竹原纤维的生产目前已实现工业化,但产业规模有待提高,产品标准亟待制定和完善。Bamboo is a kind of good fiber material for pulp and paper making and original bamboo fiber extraction. The fiber morphology and chemical composition of bamboo are between those of coniferous species and hard-leaved species,and the quality of bleached bamboo pulp is equal to that of wood pulp. Bamboo can be used as an alternative material for the production of high-grade dissolving pulp,despite of its high content of hemicellulose and ash. Bamboo pulp is the pulp that is encouraged to develop in China ＇s papermaking industry,with a capacity of 2 million tons per year now and a rapid growth is expected in the next few years.A large number of fiber wastes are generated every year in bamboo pulp mills. Producing bamboo pulp as the main product while providing a variety of value-added products will be a profit model for the sustainable andhealthy development of the bamboo pulp enterprises in future. The development pathway available for bamboo pulp enterprises could be that while the differential end-use products such as dissolving bamboo pulp,household paper,etc,are produced,the value added utilization of lignocellulosic biomass wastes generated during the pulping process could also be achieved,such as flame retardant insulation materials and nano-microcrystalline cellulose products. The original bamboo fiber, with the distinguished functional properties such as antibacterial properties,moisture absorption and deodorization,UV resistance,sound insulation and heat insulation,is a good raw material for producing high-grade clothing,adsorption materials and heat sound insulation materials. At present,the production of original bamboo fiber has been industrialized,but the industry still need to be scaled up and its products standard needs to be formulated and improved.

关 键 词：竹材 制浆造纸 竹原纤维 溶解浆 高值化利用 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程] TS7[轻工技术与工程—制浆造纸工程]