19世纪德国医生的职业化发展初探——以普鲁士为个案研究  

The Professional Development of Germany Physicians During the Nineteenth Century:A Case Study of Prussia

作　　者：徐继承[1] 薛丽[1] XU Ji-cheng;XUE Li(School of History and Tourism, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期71-75,F0003,共6页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(13CSS018);山西省研究生教改项目(20140428)

摘　　要：19世纪以前的德国医生主要为社会的中上层阶级服务,除给病人诊断以外,还充当牧师角色。随着19世纪德国工业化的高速发展,医生朝着职业化的方向发展,主要表现在:医疗培训日益科学化与正规化,内科医生朝着专业化方向发展,社会医疗需求增长导致了内科医生内部分化,医生职业协会的出现促进了现代化意义的医生群体形成。这四个方面反映了19世纪德国医生职业化的演进历程,也从侧面折射出近代德国公共卫生事业发展的概况,具有重大的时代意义。Before the nineteenth century, the main Germany physician group mostly used to serve for the upper middle class and continued to exercise pastoral duties. The process of professionalization in Germany emerged with the rapid development of industralization in German during the nineteenth century. The main manifestations were the increasingly scientific and standardized medical training; professional practice of Private physicians; the physicians＇ internal differentiation caused by increasing demands for medical service in society; and the emergency of doctors＇ professional association.These four aspects reflected the evolution of the professionalization of Germany doctors in the 19 th century. It also reflected the profile of the development of public health in modern German.

关 键 词：医疗培训 内科医生 医疗组织 

分 类 号：K516[历史地理—历史学]