民族志传播研究的问题与反思  

Rethinking the Ethnography of Communication

作　　者：沙垚[1] Sha Yao(Associate researcher in the Institute of Journalism and Communication, communication studies, History of Journalism and communicatio)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2018年第6期110-121,共12页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：近年来,民族志传播研究取得丰硕的研究成果,但在理论与方法层面还存在一些不足。尤其是将民族志传播研究仅仅理解为参与式观察、深度访谈等技术化的方法进行传播学研究,就忽略了民族志背后丰富的学术脉络、理论关怀与问题意识,也导致了研究实践中流于形式、趋于浮躁的现状。因此,反思民族志传播研究,除了对研究者进行严格的方法训练,端正研究态度之外,还需要:第一,采取超越媒介中心主义的文化取向,从传播学具体的、对象化的文化延伸到民族志对作为一整套社会关系和社会秩序的文化,可以使民族志传播研究摆脱对象化依赖,打开研究视野;第二,从传播学和民族志各自的理论进程和研究实践中爬梳、探寻批判理论与反思性,进而超越方法与对象的机械组合,实现深层次的学科对话;第三,引入历史维度,既能为民族志传播研究带来历史的深度,又能彼此开拓新的研究领域,实现转型与超越。In recent years, great achievements have been made in ethnography of communication, but there are still deficiencies in theory and method. One of the most important problems was some researches took the Ethnography only as method of participant observation, and deep interviews, which had neglected the consciousness of its rich academic context, theoretical concern and question consciousness, and also led to a mere formality and impetuous attitude in current research practice. So, in this paper, three points were given out. Firstly, Be beyond media centralism, take the culture perspective, and change the specific culture to the cultureof social relations and social orders, by which, ethnography of communication can get rid of object dependencies; secondly, get back to the theoretical context and research practice of both ethnography and communication studies to find the theory of criticism and reflection, by which we can go beyond the mechanical combination of these two and achieve the deep academic dialogue; thirdly, take the history as a field, by which the ethnography of communication can get the historical depth, and also open up new research fields to realize the transformation and transcendence.

关 键 词：民族志传播研究 文化人类学 反思民族志 批判传播学 新闻传播史 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]