轻型汽油车尾气OC和EC排放因子实测研究  

Measurements of OC and EC Emission Factors for Light-duty Gasoline Vehicles

作　　者：黄成[1,2] 胡磬遥 鲁君[1,2] HUANG Cheng;HU Qing-yao;LU Jun(Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai 200233, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第7期3110-3117,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212106);国家自然科学基金项目(21777101);上海市科委项目(16dz1206704)

摘　　要：选取27辆国3~国5轻型汽油车采用实验室底盘测功机和全流稀释定容采样系统(CVS)开展了尾气颗粒物中有机碳(OC)和无机碳(EC)组分的排放因子实测,分析了启动条件、行驶工况和喷油方式对轻型汽油车OC和EC排放的影响.结果表明,国3~国5轻型汽油车OC平均排放因子分别为(2.09±1.03)、(1.59±0.78)和(0.75±0.31)mg·km-1,EC平均排放因子分别为(1.98±1.42)、(1.57±1.80)和(0.65±0.49)mg·km-1,二者均随排放标准的提升呈显著下降趋势,OC/EC值分别为1.54±0.92、1.53±0.91以及1.47±0.66.OC1、OC2以及EC1和EC2是轻型汽油车排放的最主要碳质组分,分别占15.0%、20.6%、22.2%和21.7%.冷启动条件下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放约为热启动的1.4和1.8倍;高速工况下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放因子约为城区工况的2倍和4倍;缸内直喷(GDI)发动机的OC排放因子与进气道喷射(PFI)发动机接近,但EC排放因子约是后者的1.7倍,随着我国轻型汽油车中GDI发动机日渐普及,其EC排放应当引起密切关注.Organic carbon（ OC） and elemental carbon（ EC） emission factors from 27 State 3-5 light-duty gasoline vehicles（ LDGVs）were tested in this study using a CVS（ Constant Volume Sampling） system on a dynamometer. The influences of start conditions,driving cycles,and fuel injection technologies on the OC and EC emissions were analyzed. The results show that the OC emission factors of the tested State 3 to 5 LDGVs were（ 2. 09 ± 1. 03）,（ 1. 59 ± 0. 78）,and（ 0. 75 ± 0. 31） mg·km^-1,respectively,and the EC emission factors were（ 1. 98 ± 1. 42）,（ 1. 57 ± 1. 80）,and（ 0. 65 ± 0. 49） mg·km^-1. Both OC and EC emissions significantly decreased with the promotion of emission standards. The OC/EC ratios were 1. 54 ± 0. 92,1. 53 ± 0. 91,and 1. 47 ± 0. 66,respectively. OC1,OC2,EC1,and EC2 were the most important carbonaceous components from LDGVs,accounting for 15%,20. 6%,22. 2%,and 21. 7%,respectively. OC and EC emission factors under cold-start conditions were 1. 4 and 1. 8 times those under hot-start conditions. OC and EC emission factors for highway cycles were 2 and 4 times those for urban cycles. OC emission factors from GDI（ Gasoline Direct Injection） engines were close to those from PFI（ Port Fuel Injection） engines. However,their EC emission factors were 1. 7 times those from PFI engines. With the increasing popularity of GDI engines in LDGV fleets in China,the EC emissions from these engines should be paid more attention in the future.

关 键 词：机动车排放 轻型汽油车 碳质组分 排放因子 底盘测功机 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]