职业镉接触对作业工人心血管系统的影响  

Effects of occupational cadmium exposure on workers＇ cardiovascular system

作　　者：曹泽仁 崔守明 卢欣欣 陈霄曼 杨璇 崔俊鹏[2] 张光辉[2] Cao Zeren;Cui Shouming;Lu Xinxin;Chen Xiaoman;Yang Xaan;Cui Junpeng;Zhang Guanghui(Xinxiang Academy of occupational health and occupational medicine, Xinxiang 453003, Chin)

机构地区：[1]新乡市职业病防治研究所,453003 [2]新乡医学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2018年第6期474-477,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：河南省科技厅科技攻关社会发展项目（182102310087）

摘　　要：目的探讨镉职业接触对工人心血管系统的影响。方法采用横断面方法，于2012年11月对某镍镉电池生产企业992名工人进行现场调查，其中镉作业工人749名为接触组，不接触镉及其他毒物者243名作为对照组，检测其尿镉水平，并分析工人的心电图、血压等体检资料。应用Logistic回归分析心电图异常率和高血压率的危险因素。结果与对照组（1．34±1．18μg，g肌酐）比较，接触组工人尿镉水平（8．89±4．00μg，g肌酐）明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组中女性尿镉水平均高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；按照工龄分组，各组间尿镉水平随工龄增加而升高（F=28．272，P〈0．01）。与对照组比较，接触组工人心电图异常率、高血压率较高，差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=15．72、χ^2=23．73，P〈0．01）；心电图异常率和高血压率都随工龄升高而增加，具有剂量一反应关系。随着镉作业工人尿镉水平的增加，心电图异常率增加（OR=1．11，P〈0．01），高血压率增加（OR=1．15，P〈O．01）。结论职业镉接触引起心电图异常率和高血压率升高，损害作业工人心血管系统，该研究为保护镉作业工人健康提供基础资料。Objective To investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on cardiovascular system of occupational workers. Methods Cross-sectional study was applied to 992 workers in a nickel-cadmium battery plant in November, 2011, of which 749 were cadmium exposed workers and 243 were controls without cadmium and other expose. Urinary cadmium, electrocardiogram （ECG） and blood pressure were examined simultaneously among 992 workers. The risk factors of ECG abnormality rate and hypertension rate were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results The level of urinary cadmium in cadmium exposed workers was significantly higher than controls （8.89±4.00 vs 1.34±1.18μg/g creatinine, P〈0.01 ）. Urinary cadmium level in women was significantly higher than men in both exposure and control group （P〈0.05）. According to the group of working years, Urinary cadmium level raised with the increase of working years （F=28.272, P〈0.001 ）. The ECG abnormality rate and hypertension rate of cadmium exposed workers were higher than that of control group, the differences were all statistically significant （P〈0.01）. The abnormal rate of ECG and the hypertension rate increased with the prolonging of working years and demonstrated dose-response relationship. With the increase of urinary cadmium level, the abnormal rate of ECG and hypertension rate raised （OR=1. 11, P〈0.01 ） and （OR =1.15, P〈0.01 ） respectively. Conclusion Occupational cadmium exposure increased the abnormal rate of ECG and blood pressure and therefore damaged cardiovascular system of workers. This study provided base data for protecting health of cadmium exposed workers.

关 键 词：镉职业接触 尿镉 高血压 心电图 心血管系统 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]